과학기술의 일자리 영향 분석에 기반한 좋은 일자리 창출 전략

국문 초록 (Abstract)

[연구목적]
○ 과학기술이 일자리에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 분석하고, 향후 기술발전이 좋은 일자리 창출로 연결될 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 함
- 최근의 과학기술 발전이 개별 기업의 일자리 변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 중심의 미시적 일자리 영향 메커니즘을 분석함
- 과학기술의 발전을 통해 좋은 일자리를 창출할 수 있는 과기부, 산업부, 중기부 및 고용부가 연계한 범부처 종합 일자리 창출 전략 방안을 제시함



[주요내용]
○ 최근 문헌분석을 중심으로 과학기술의 고용영향 메커니즘을 미시적으로 파악
- 기술발전이나 혁신활동이 기업의 고용에 영향을 미치는 단계와 주요 유형을 정리
○ 고용 영향에 대한 기업 대응 전략을 중심으로 주요 산업 사례 분석
- 디지털화에 따른 공정효율성 향상 중심의 사례: 물류산업
- 제조업의 서비스화나 신사업 진출 등 비즈니스 모델 혁신 사례: 뉴스페이스
- 인간과 기계의 협력자 사례: 헬스케어 일자리 변화
○ 과학기술전문직을 중심으로 한 우리나라 일자리 변화에 대한 분석과 기업 연구개발투자의 고용 영향에 대한 분석을 통해 국내 노동시장에서 기술발전이 미치는 영향을 진단하고 정책 시사점을 도출
○ 우리나라 4차 산업혁명 대응 정책의 현황과 한계점을 분석하여 개선방향에 대한 시사점 도출
○ 과학기술의 발전을 통해 좋은 일자리 창출까지 촉진할 수 있는 전략과 범부처 종합 정책방안을 제언



[정책대안]
① 과학기술의 기업 가치사슬 적용과 경쟁력 확보 및 일자리 창출 측면
- (단기과제) 국제 경쟁이 치열한 주력 성숙산업을 중심으로 기존의 공정효율성 제고를 위한 혁신활동 지원을 강화
- (중장기과제) 좀 더 제품혁신에 초점을 맞춰 다양한 새로운 사업기회의 발굴과 비즈니스 모델 혁신을 지원
② 기업의 기술변화 대응 인력전략 지원 측면
- (단기과제) 다양한 교육훈련 체계 마련을 통해 기업 인력의 재교육이나 재배치를 지원
- (중장기과제) 범부처 대응전략 패키지 등을 구축해 기업의 대응 전략 유형별로 적절한 실행 가이드와 관련 컨설팅, 정부지원제도를 묶음으로 제공
비즈니스모델 혁신 유형: 핵심 인재의 성장 촉진을 위한 역량향상 R&D + 코크리에이션 지원
효율 향상자 유형: 노동시장 유연화 + 직업안전망 강화(직무 전환 훈련 + 기본생활 보장)
인간-기계 협력자 유형: 공학교육혁신 + ICT기반 재직자 역량향상/직무고도화 교육훈련 강화
③ 미래 수요 변화에 대응한 인재의 성장 지원을 위한 중장기과제
- 특정 직무 수행을 위한 숙련이나 지식이 아니라 기본 역량과 변화 대응력 제고를 위한 중장기 교육혁신 추진
- 교육혁신을 위한 기본 인프라로서 인재의 성장과 진로를 추적할 수 있는 기본 정보 시스템을 구축하는 한편, 이를 통해 교육혁신의 궁극적인 성과를 측정할 수 있는 역량측정 지표 개발 등 필요

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ｜목 차｜
• 요약·············································································································· i
• 제1장 서론··································································································· 1
• 제1절 연구배경 및 목적···················································································1
• 1. 연구배경···································································································1
• 2. 연구목적···································································································4
• 제2절 주요 연구내용························································································4
• 제2장 과학기술의 고용 영향 메커니즘················································· 6
• 제1절 과학기술 발전에 따른 직업 변화···························································6
• 1. 과학기술 적용에 따른 직무 역량의 변화··················································7
• 2. 직업의 변화 전망 결과·············································································9
• 제2절 산업별 과학기술의 일자리 영향 차이···················································13
• 제3절 과학기술의 미시적 일자리 영향 메커니즘············································19
• 제3장 효율향상자 유형: 물류센터 중심 물류분야 일자리 변화 사례·· 23
• 제1절 물류 개념 및 연구 범위·······································································23
• 제2절 물류분야 디지털 기술 도입 배경·························································26
• 제3절 물류센터 내 자동화/지능화 동향·························································29
• 1. 전통적인 물류센터 운영·········································································29
• 2. 자동화/지능화된 물류센터의 운영··························································31
• 제4절 국내외 기업의 물류센터 운영 사례······················································40
• 1. 자동화 물류센터 운영사례: 영국 오카도················································40
• 2. 신세계 온라인 물류센터(NEO) ·······························································42
• 3. 마켓컬리·································································································44
• 4. 쿠팡·······································································································47
• 제5절 물류센터의 노동 및 조직 변화 전망····················································48
• 1. 물류관련 인력························································································48
• 2. 물류산업의 일자리 변화·········································································50
• 3. 물류센터 자동화/지능화에 따른 일자리 변화·········································53
• 제4장 비즈니스 모델 변혁 유형: 뉴스페이스··································· 59
• 제1절 뉴스페이스 등장에 따른 우주산업 변화···············································59
• 1. 뉴스페이스의 등장·················································································59
• 2. 지구관측 서비스(EO Service) 산업·······················································64
• 3. 뉴스페이스 등장에 따른 우주산업 일자리 전망······································67
• 제2절 국내 우주산업 분야 인력 현황 및 특징···············································69
• 1. 우주산업 분야 기업체 인력 현황···························································70
• 2. 우주산업 분야 기업체 인력 변화 추이···················································77
• 3. 우주산업 분야 인력 특징·······································································83
• 제3절 뉴스페이스 분야 국내 기업 사례·························································85
• 1. 뉴스페이스 분야 진출 사례 : ㈜쎄트렉아이···········································85
• 2. 뉴스페이스 분야 창업 사례 : 나라스페이스테크놀로지···························96
• 3. 시사점··································································································105
• 제5장 협력자 유형: 헬스케어 일자리 변화 사례···························· 109
• 제1절 4차 산업혁명과 헬스케어···································································109
• 1. 헬스케어 분야에서의 4차 산업혁명······················································109
• 2. 디지털헬스케어의 등장·········································································110
• 제2절 헬스케어 일자리 동향········································································112
• 1. 헬스케어 분야 일자리에 미치는 영향···················································112
• 2. 헬스케어 시장 전망··············································································115
• 3. 헬스케어 일자리 전망··········································································119
• 제3절 디지털헬스케어 국내 기업 현황·························································126
• 1. DATA 활용분야 기업 현황··································································128
• 2. DATA 수집분야 기업 현황··································································130
• 3. DATA 분석 분야 기업 현황································································132
• 4. DATA 예측 분야 기업 현황································································134
• 제4절 시사점································································································135
• 제6장 우리나라 과학기술투자의 일자리 영향 현황과 시사점······· 136
• 제1절 기업 연구개발투자의 고용영향 분석 결과··········································136
• 1. 분석데이터 ·························································································136
• 2. 기업 R&D투자가 고용에 미치는 영향·················································139
• 제2절 과학기술전문직을 중심으로 한 최근 일자리의 변화 양상··················146
• 1. 이공계 대졸자의 경제활동상태 변화·····················································146
• 2. 과학기술전문직 구분에 따른 취업 변화···············································148
• 3. 과학기술전문직 내 직종 변화·······························································152
• 4. 평균임금 변화 ····················································································157
• 제3절 분석결과의 시사점·············································································159
• 제7장 과학기술인력정책의 개선방향과 좋은 일자리 창출 전략···· 161
• 제1절 4차 산업혁명에 따른 정책 대응 분석················································161
• 1. 4차 산업혁명과 일자리 정책 분석·······················································161
• 2. 4차 산업혁명 관련 사업 분석 ····························································171
• 제2절 정책 개선 방향에 대한 주요 시사점··················································178
• 제3절 좋은 일자리 창출 전략에 대한 제언··················································183
• 참고문헌································································································· 189
• 부록········································································································· 197
• Summary···························································································· 207
• Contents···························································································· 209