A study of Rail Reform of Japan = Focusing on privatization with the UK-

국문 초록 (Abstract)

철도선진국들은 도로혼잡과 환경문제 그리고 감소하는 철도 수송량 등의 문제를 해결하기 위한 철도정책을 추진하고 있다. 철도구조 개혁은 그 중의 하나인데 철도민영화는 주된 방식의 하나가 되고 있다. 역사적으로 일본은 1987년에 민영화를 추진하면서 지역별로 6개의 여객회사와 1개의 화물회사로 나누고 운영과 시설을 하나의 회사가 소유하고 운영하는 이른바 상하일체형의 민영화를 추진하였다. 그간 민영화의 성과도 있었지만 몇몇 학자들은 2005년 4월27일의 후쿠 지야마 철도사고가 민영화를 통해 철도회사가 과도하게 영리를 추구한 결과라고 분석하고 있다. 최근 일본에서는 그간의 상하일체형의 민영화방식과는 다른 상하분리형의 철도민영화가 추진되고 있다. 이러한 방식은 영국에서 이미 추진된 방식이다. 본 연구에서는 민영화 이후 최근까지 일본철도민영화의 성과를 살펴보 았는데 공과를 판단하기 위해 기능별로 철도부문의 민영화를 추진한 영국과의 비교를 검토해 보았다. 이러한 분석은 향후 우리나라 철도의 구조개혁에도 많은 시사점을 줄 것으로 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Most countries have been adopting policies that aim to deal with the problems of road congestion, environmental problems and the decreasing volume of rail. One vitally important subject is the reform of railways. In actual, the reform of railways has been carried out in various ways and the most epoch-making policy has been the privatization of railways. In history, Japan made the first step when it carried out regional privatization, unifying the infrastructure and operation. It created 6 passenger enterprises and 1 freightenterprise. Some scholars insist that the accident, which occurred on 27th April 2005 at Hukujiyama in Japan, was also attributable to the emphasis on profitable management. Lately, Japanese policy has had a tendency to adopt the separation of infrastructure operations on some lines, whereas the UK policy has shifted to emphasize the greater role of government and infrastructure and operation tend to have a close relationship. This paper examines the process and outcomes of rail privatization of Japan, especially focusing on different methods of privatization. This paper may provide some lessons for future rail policies in Korea.

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