도로교통소음에 의한 최대 성가심과 수면장애 인구 추정에 관한 연구 - 서울시 영등포구를 사례로 - = The estimation of highly annoyed and highly sleep-disturbed population by road traffic noise - the case study of Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

도시 내에서 많은 인구에 영향을 미치는 도로교통소음은 성가심과 수면장애 등을 초래하여 거주민의 삶의 질을 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 특정 질병을 유발시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 유럽 등 선진국에서는 관련 연구가 활발하게 수행되고 있으나, 국내에서는 도로교통소음과 거주민 건강에 대한 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 서울시 영등포구를 대상으로 도로교통소음에 의한 성가심과 수면장애 인구 산정 및 이들의 공간적 분포를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 RLS90 예측식에 의해 작성된 소음지도와 건물별 인구를 기초로 세계보건기구에서 권고한 최대 성가심(%HA)과 최대 수면장애(%HSD) 등 두 지표에 의해 최대 성가심과 수면장애 인구를 산출하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 영등포구 전체 인구의 약 11.7%와 5.2%가 도로교통소음에 의해 최대 성가심과 수면장애를 경험할 것으로 추정되었다. 이는 동일한 지표를 활용한 미국 조지아주 풀턴 카운티와 홍콩을 대상으로 한 선행연구 결과보다 높은 인구비율로서 영등포구의 도로교통소음이 거주민에 미치는 영향이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 도로교통소음을 정온한 생활환경을 저해하고 건강을 위협하는 일종의 환경공해로 인식하고 이를 저감하기 위한 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Road traffic noise (RTN) has been known to have an negative effect on the quality of life for urban residents, and it could develop a specific disease. Many studies have been performed with a focus on the impacts of RTN on people in developed countries such as European nations, but few attempts were made to research the negative health outcomes caused by road traffic noise in Korea. Therefore, this study focused on presenting the estimation of highly annoyed (HA) and highly sleep-disturbed (HSD) people and investigating their spatial distribution in Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul. Two noise impact indices of %HA and %HSD, recommended by the World Health Organization, were utilized to estimate HA and HSD population with RTN map, produced by RLS90 model, and population of individual buildings. According to the study, it was found that approximately 11.7% and 5.2% of total population in Youngdeungpo-gu would highly annoyed and sleep-disturbed by RTN, respectively. This estimation were higher than those of Fulton County, Georgia, United States, and Hong Kong, which indicates that the impacts of RTN would be severe in the study area. For this reason, it would be required to consider RTN as an environmental pollution and to make much effort to reduce the level of RTN in the area.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 환경부, "환경정책기본법 시행령: 소음 환경기준"

2 환경부, "소음지도의 작성방법"

3 환경부, "소음·진동관리법 제4조의2(소음지도의 작성)"

4 여옥경, "부도심(강남·영등포)지역의 공간구조특성이 지가에 미치는 입지요인의 영향분석" 국토지리학회 47 (47): 159-167, 2013

5 고준희, "도로교통소음과 철도소음의 복합 노출지역에서 성가심 정량평가모델에 관한 연구" 서울시립대학교 대학원 2009

6 한국환경공단, "국가소음정보시스템"

7 여옥경, "강남·영등포 부도심의 토지이용 특성에 관한 연구" 국토지리학회 46 (46): 239-253, 2012

8 Carter, N.L., "Transportation noise, sleep and possible after-effects" 22 : 105-116, 1996

9 Ko, J.H., "Transportation noise and exposed population of an urban area in the Republic of Korea" 37 : 328-334, 2011

10 Babisch, W., "Traffic noise and risk of myocardial infarction" 16 : 33-40, 2005

11 Lam, K., "The provision of service for the study of health effects of transportation noise in Hong Kong" 2012

12 Babisch, W., "The noise/stress concept, risk assessment, and research needs" 4 (4): 1-11, 2002

13 Hong, J., "The effects of long-term exposure to railway and road traffic noise on subjective sleep disturbance" 128 (128): 2829-2835, 2010

14 Miedema, H.M.E., "TNO intro report 2002-59:elements for a position paper on night-time transportation noise and sleep disturbance" 2003

15 Edmund Seto, "Spatial distribution of traffic induced noise exposures in a US city: an analytic tool for assessing the health impacts of urban planning decisions" Springer Nature 6 (6): 24-, 2007

16 Onuu, M.U., "Road traffic noise in Nigeria : measurements, analysis and evaluation of nuisance" 233 (233): 391-405, 2000

17 Theo Bodin, "Road traffic noise and hypertension: results from a cross-sectional public health survey in southern Sweden" Springer Nature 8 (8): 2009

18 Kim, M., "Road traffic noise : annoyance, sleep disturbance, and public health implications" 43 (43): 353-360, 2012

19 Lambert, J., "Patterns of behavior in dwellings exposed to road traffic noise" 92 (92): 159-172, 1984

20 World Health Organization, "Noise:data and statistics"

21 Neitzel, R., "Noise levels associated with New York City’s mass transit systems" 99 (99): 1393-1399, 2009

22 Environmental Protection Agency, "Noise effects handbook" 1981

23 Willich, S.N., "Noise burden and the risk of myocardial infarction" 27 : 276-282, 2006

24 Lipscomb, D.M., "Noise and public health" 5 (5): 67-96, 1976

25 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Noise and hearing loss prevention"

26 Stansfeld, S., "Noise and health in the urban environment" 15 (15): 43-82, 2000

27 Nieman, H., "Noi s e-induc ed annoy anc e and morbidity results from the Pan-European LARES study" 8 (8): 63-79, 2006

28 World Health Organization, "Night noise guidelines for Europe"

29 Kluizenaar Y., "Longterm road traffic noise exposure is associated with an increase in morning tiredness" 126 (126): 626-633, 2009

30 Selander, J., "Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and myocardial infarction" 20 (20): 272-279, 2008

31 Schulz, P., "Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload" 14 : 91-97, 1998

32 Babisch, W., "Increased catecholamine levels in subjects exposed to road traffic noise : the role of stress hormones in noise research" 26 : 475-481, 2001

33 Kluizenaar Y., "Hypertension and road traffic noise exposure" 49 (49): 484-492, 2007

34 Staples, S.L., "Human response to environmental noise" 51 (51): 143-150, 1996

35 Babisch, W., "Health status as a potential effect modifier of the relation between noise annoyance and incidence of ischaemic heart disease" 60 : 39-745, 2003

36 Ising, H., "Health effects caused by noise: evidence in the literature from the past 25 years" 6 (6): 5-13, 2004

37 Babisch, W., "Health aspects of extra-aural noise research" 6 (6): 69-81, 2004

38 Berglund, B., "Guidelines for community noise"

39 European Commission, "Good practice guide for strategic noise mapping and the production of associated data on noise exposure version 2"

40 Konings A., "Genetic studies on noise-induced hearing loss : a Review" 30 (30): 151-159, 2009

41 장서일, "GIS와 3차원 소음지도를 이용한 소음 노출 인구 산정 방법에 관한 연구-공장 소음을 중심으로-" 한국소음진동공학회 17 (17): 491-497, 2007

42 Pruessner, J.C., "Free cortisol levels after awakening : a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity" 61 (61): 2539-2549, 1997

43 Joshi, S.K., "Environmental noise induced hearing loss in Nepal" 1 (1): 177-183, 2003

44 Bockelbrink, A., "Environmental noise and asthma in children : sex-specific differences" 45 : 770-773, 2008

45 Gee, G.C., "Environmental health disparities: a framework integrating psychosocial and environmental concepts" 112 (112): 1645-1653, 2004

46 World Health Organization, "Environmental health criteria 12: noise"

47 Evans, "Envi ronment a l jus t i c e , cumul a t ive environmental risk, and health among lowand middle-income children in upstate New York" 94 (94): 1942-1944, 2004

48 Herbold, M., "Effects of road traffic noise on prevalence of hypertension in men : results of the luebeck blood pressure study" 34 : 19-23, 1989

49 Yoshida, T., "Effects of road traffic noise on inhabitants of Tokyo" 205 (205): 517-522, 1997

50 Chang, T., "Effects of environmental noise exposure on ambulatory blood pressure in young adults" 109 : 900-905, 2009

51 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational noise exposure"

52 World Heal th Organization, "Constitution of the world health organization"

53 Sobotova, L., "Community response to environmental noise and the impact on cardiovascular risk score" 408 : 1264-1270, 2010

54 World Health Organization, "Burden of disease from environmental noise:quantification of healthy life years lost in Europe" WHO 2011

55 World Health Organization, "Assessing human health risks of chemicals: derivation of guidance values for health-based exposure limits"

56 Lam, K., "Annoyance response to mixed transportation noise in Hong Kong" 70 : 1-10, 2009

57 Miedema, H.M.E., "Annoyance from transportation noise : relationships with exposure metrics DNL and DENL and their confidence intervals" 109 : 409-416, 2001

58 Griefahn, B., "A critical load for nocturnal highdensity road traffic noise" 9 : 261-269, 1986