Adsorption of Methylene Blue Using Green Pea Peels (Pisum sativum): A Cost-effective Option for Dye-based Wastewater Treatment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Methylene blue (MB), a common toxic dye, is largely discharged from dyeing processes for acrylic,nylon, silk, and woolen fabrics in textile industries. While application of conventional removal processes like chemical precipitation, ion exchange, commercial activated carbon adsorption, etc often become cost-prohibitive, the adsorption of MB by abundantly available green pea peel (GPP: Pisum sativum) derived and acid-treated carbon (GPP-AC) has proved to be a cost-attractive option in the present study.
The physicochemical and morphological characteristics of GPP-AC were examined with the help of XRD, BET surface area, SEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry ((FT-IR) analysis. The influences of such adsorption parameters as initial dye concentration, pH, contact time,adsorbent dosage, agitation speed, particle size, and temperature were evaluated and optimized. The equilibrium contact time for maximum adsorption of MB on to GPPAC was found to be 7 h. The equilibrium data of the adsorption process were modeled by using the Langmuir,Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Raduskevich (D-R)isotherms. However, the adsorption equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir Isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 163.94 mg MB/g GPPAC at 30℃.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Methylene blue (MB), a common toxic dye, is largely discharged from dyeing processes for acrylic,nylon, silk, and woolen fabrics in textile industries. While application of conventional removal processes like chemical precipitation, ion exchange, commercial activated carbon adsorption, etc often become cost-prohibitive, the adsorption of MB by abundantly available green pea peel (GPP: Pisum sativum) derived and acid-treated carbon (GPP-AC) has proved to be a cost-attractive option in the present study.
The physicochemical and morphological characteristics of GPP-AC were examined with the help of XRD, BET surface area, SEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry ((FT-IR) analysis. The influences of such adsorption parameters as initial dye concentration, pH, contact time,adsorbent dosage, agitation speed, particle size, and temperature were evaluated and optimized. The equilibrium contact time for maximum adsorption of MB on to GPPAC was found to be 7 h. The equilibrium data of the adsorption process were modeled by using the Langmuir,Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Raduskevich (D-R)isotherms. However, the adsorption equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir Isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 163.94 mg MB/g GPPAC at 30℃.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Mizuho, H., 254 : 17-22, 2002

2 Banerjee, S., "Use of jute processing wastes for treatment of wastewater contaminated with dye and other organics" 96 : 1919-1928, 2005

3 Espantaleon, A. G., "Use of activated clays in the removal of dyes and surfactantsfrom tannery waste waters" 24 : 105-110, 2003

4 Malik, P. K, "Use of activated carbons prepared form sawdust and rice-husk for adsorption of acid dyes: A case study of Acid Yellow 36" 56 : 239-249, 2003

5 Singh, C. K., "Studies on the removal of Pb (II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood activatd with sulphuric acid" 153 : 221-228, 2007

6 Bouberka, Z., "Sorption study of an acid dye from an aqueous solution using modified clays" 119 : 117-124, 2005

7 Ahmad, A. L., "Sorption equilibrium and kinetics of basic dye from aqueous solution using banana stalk waste" 158 : 499-506, 2008

8 Wang, S., "Sonochemical Treatment of fly ash for dye removal from wastewater" 126 : 91-95, 2005

9 Batzias, F. A., "Simulation of methylene blue adsorption by salts-treated beech sawdust in batch and fixed-bed systems" 149 : 8-17, 2007

10 Fabio, M., "Reuse of coal combustion ashes as dyes and heavy metal adsorbents: Effect of sieving and demineralizationon waste properties and adsorption capacity" 150 : 174-180, 2009

11 Borba, C. E., "Removal of nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution by biosorption in a fixed bed column: Experimenttal and theoretical breakthrough curves" 30 : 184-191, 2006

12 Kumar, K. V., "Removal of methylene blue by mango seed kernel powder" 27 : 83-93, 2005

13 Amina, A. A, "Removal of methylene blue by carbons derived from peach stones by H3PO4 activation: Batch and column studies" 76 : 282-289, 2008

14 Lin, C., "Removal of basic dye (methylene blue) from wastewaters utilizing beer brewery waste" 154 : 73-78, 2008

15 Kavitha, D., "Removal of Congo red from water by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from coir pith, an agricultural solid waste" 54 : 47-58, 2002

16 Crini, G., "Removal of C. I. Basic Green 4 (Malachite Green) from aqueous solutions by adsorption using cyclodextrin-based adsorbent: Kinetic and equilibrium studies" 53 : 97-110, 2007

17 Tempkin, M. J., "Recent modifications to Langmuir isotherms" 12 : 217-222, 1940

18 Ho, Y. S., "Pseudo-second-order model for lead ion sorption from aqueous solutions onto palm kernel fiber" 129 : 137-142, 2006

19 Ferdi Gercel, H., "Preparation of activated carbon from a renewable bio-plant of Euphorbia rigida by H2SO4 activation and its adsorption behavior in aqueous solutions" 253 : 4843-4852, 2007

20 Weber, W. J., "Physicochemical Process for water Quality Control" Wlley-Interscience 1972

21 Flavio, P. A., "Methylene blue biosorption from aqueous solutions by yellow passion fruit waste" 150 : 703-712, 2008

22 Kumar, K. V., "Mass transfer: Kinetics and equilibrium studies for the biosorption of methylene blue using Paspalum natatum" 146 : 214-226, 2007

23 Badruzzaman, M., "Intraparticle diffusion and adsorption of arsenate ontogranular ferric hydroxide (GFH)" 38 : 4002-4012, 2004

24 Ponnusami, V., "Guava(Psidium guajava) leaf powder: Novel adsorbent for removal ofmethylene blue from aqueous solutions" 152 : 276-286, 2008

25 Kavitha, D., "Experimental and kinetic studies on methylene blue adsorption by coir pith carbon" 98 : 14-21, 2007

26 Asfour, H. M., "Equilibrium studies on adsorption of basic dyes on hardwood" 35 : 21-27, 1985

27 Hameed, B. H., "Equilibrium modeling and kinetic studies on the adsorption of basic dye by a low-cost adsorbent: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) bunch waste" 158 : 65-72, 2008

28 Dubinin, M. M., "Equation of the characteristic curve of activated charcoal" 1 : 875-889, 1947

29 이민우, "Congo red adsorption from aqueous solutions by using chitosan hydrogel beads impregnated with nonionic or anionic surfactant" ELSEVIER SCI LTD 100 : 3862-3868, 200909

30 Snell, F. D., "Commercial methods of analysis" McGraw-Hill 1944

31 Garg, V., "Chromium (vi) removal from aqueous solution using sunflower stem waste" 162 : 365-372, 2009

32 Han, R., "Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by rice husk in a fixed–bed column" 141 : 713-718, 2007

33 Gagnon, G. A., "Alum residuals as a low technology for phosphorus removal from aquaculture processing water" 36 : 233-238, 2007

34 Kavitha, D., "Adsorptive removal of2-chlorophenol by low-cost 579 coir pith carbon" 98 : 257-274, 2003

35 Tamez, U., "Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by tea waste" 164 : 53-60, 2009

36 Biswas, M. N., "Adsorption of phenol form aqueous solution using activated carbons prepared form Tectona grandis sawdust by ZnCl2 activation" 115 : 121-131, 2005

37 Bulent, A., "Adsorption of negatively charged azo dyes onto surfactant-modified sepiolite" 129 : 709-715, 2003

38 Alkan, M., "Adsorption of methylene bule from aqueous solution onto perlite" 120 : 229-249, 2000

39 Mehmet, D., "Adsorption of methylene blue onto hazelnut shell: Kinetics, mechanism and activation parameters" 164 : 172-181, 2009

40 Ponnusami, V., "Adsorption of methylene blue onto gulmohar plant leaf powder: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis" 3 : 1-10, 2009

41 Ghosh, D., "Adsorption of methylene blue on kaolinite" 20 : 295-300, 2002

42 Ayes, Z., "Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on pyrolyzed petrified sediment. Bioresour" 99 : 1503-1508, 2008

43 Al-Anber, Z., "Adsorption of methylene blue by acid and heat treated diatomaceous silica" 217 : 212-224, 2007

44 Malik, R., "Adsorption of malachite green on groundnut shell waste based powdered activated carbon" 27 : 1129-1138, 2007

45 Kavak, D., "Adsorption of boron form aqueous solutions using fly ash: Batch and column studies" 127 : 81-88, 2005

46 Chang, C. Y., "Adsorption of acid dye onto activated carbons preparedfrom agricultural waste bagases by AnCl2 activation" 45 : 51-58, 2001

47 Porkodi, K., "Adsorption of Methylene blue onto Jute fiber carbons: Kinetics and equilibrium studies" 284 : 78-82, 2005

48 Aydin, H., "A kinetics and thermodynamics study of methylene blue adsorption on wheat shells" 194 : 259-267, 2006

49 Aydin, H., "A kinetics and thermodynamics study of methylene blue adsorption on wheat shells" 194 : 259-267, 2006

50 Yasemin, B., "A kinetics and thermodynamics study of methylene blue adsorption on wheat shells" 194 : 259-267, 2006