Multiscale thermal management is increasingly critical for next-generation power electronics, electric mobility, and high-density energy systems, where heat must be dissipated efficiently and, in some cases, directionally controlled. This dissertation...
Multiscale thermal management is increasingly critical for next-generation power electronics, electric mobility, and high-density energy systems, where heat must be dissipated efficiently and, in some cases, directionally controlled. This dissertation investigates two complementary strategies for engineering heat transport across fluidic and solid media.
In chapter 2, saturated flow-boiling characteristics are examined in millimeter-scale channels lined with two-tier vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VAMWNTs). Surface tension induced aggregation forms simultaneous nanopores (<72 nm) and micropores (10–200 µm), enabling liquid–vapor pathway separation, strong capillary replenishment, and confined bubble growth. These mechanisms produce an exceptionally high heat transfer coefficient of 100,666 W m-2 K-1 at 183 W cm-2 with no observed critical heat flux (CHF), significantly outperforming Cu foam and plain channels. The two-tier CNT structure demonstrates a robust approach for suppressing dryout while enabling efficient two-phase cooling.
In chapter 3, thermal rectification is realized in bilayer silicon rubber (SR) composites whose asymmetric elastic modulus is tuned by varying aluminum nitride (AlN) filler concentrations. A three-dimensional lattice vibration model is developed to show that elastic-modulus asymmetry alone can induce directional heat flux in nonlinear lattices, complementing asymmetric conduction and radiation. Experiments confirm significant rectification in SR5–51 vol% composites (TR = 18.4% at ΔT = 60 oC) and a greatly amplified effect in GO–SR51 vol% bilayers (elastic modulus ratio = 141.8, TR = 82.9%). Finite element simulations indicate that conduction + radiative asymmetry contribute partially, but the full TR requires the elastic modulus mechanism.