다산 정약용의 호구운영론(戶口運營論) ― 『목민심서』를 중심으로 = On Management of Household and Population by Dasan Jeong Yakyong ― How it is described in Mongminsimseo

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Haekbeop(total registration), which does not allow any omission of population in the register, was legislated as the principle of population policy by Chŏson dynasty. However, Gwanbeop(partial registration), a method of autonomous investigating with the approximate sum of population, was utilized in practice. Population measurement of Gwanbeop style resulted in various problems such as manipulation of functionaries, imbalance of Hochong(sum of household), and varieties of extortions. Jeong Yakyong focused on specific and efficient improvement in the management of population register as far as the authority of the magistrate would be allowed while admitting Gwanbeop in the real world. First, he rearranged the administrative procedure of revising population register, and approved Gajwachaek as the ledger of Haekbeop style where actual households were inspected. In the process of Ip-ho(registering households), each Gaho(a household) was categorized as Dae-ga(large household), Jung-ga(medium household), So-ga(small household), etc., and was designed to be added to the number in proportion according to Hochong allocated to each Counties and Prefectures. This was the method which had been adopted in Honam region at the time. The method, in which under the principle of Haekbeop the total number would be registered close to the actual number of households, was a reliable alternative for the flexible and fair management of population register to correspond Hochong allocated the region. Moreover, the magistrate was required to actively consult with his superior to make Hochong not a heavy burden. Several more measures were taken; banning additional collection other than official items needed for revision of population register, cutting off alteration of information in register, and so on. Functionaries were considered thoughtfully by acknowledging their influence on the local community and their service in the practice. Yet, Jeong was still skeptical about the application of his method and stability of its utility, presumably because he realized the barrier of reality too high to resolve the structural problem of the population register by mere the authority of the magistrate.