부모용 유아 놀이 선호도 검사도구의 타당화 검증 = A Study of Validation of a Parent Report Measure of Children's Play Preferences

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study attempts to conceptually and statistically validate the Play Activity Questionnaire(PQ), a parent report measure of children's play preferences developed in Canada(Finegan et al., 1991). This study surveyed 295 middle class parents of 4-to 6-year-old children. In the result of questionnaire analysis, the 15-item PQ was completed by parents of children, and exploratory factor analysis revealed four play factors: Active and Adventurous, Athletic, Rough-and-Tumble, and Quiet. In addition, both krutosis and skewness have reliability within the range from .57 to -1.10, and interrelationship between questionnaire and all scales has high reliability of more than .40 for all questions. The Play Activity Questionnaire(PQ), a parent report measure of children's play preferences indicates that it has a close connection with children's play preferences. In the result of confirmatory factor analysis, all of 14 questions for 4 factors and 13 questions for 3 factors accepted person-fit index(CFI, GFI:.90; RMR: .048: RMSEA; .079). Accordingly, if PQ is consisted of 3 factor, 'Active and Adventurous' and 'Athletic' can regard as one factor. In the research result, validation of a parent report measure of children's play preferences was verified stably in terms of reliability and validity of questions.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 캐나다에서 개발된 부모용 유아 놀이 선호도 측정도구(Finegan et al., 1991)를 우리나라에 적용하여 개념적, 통계적 타당화를 검증하는 데 있다. 이 연구의 대상자는 서울지역 중산층인 만 4, 5, 6세 유아의 부모 295명이었다. 문항분석 결과, 부모들의 응답과정을 거친 15문항은 탐색적 요인분석결과 활동-모험 놀이, 운동놀이, 거친 놀이, 그리고 조용한 놀이의 네 가지로 나타났다. 첨도와 왜도는 모두 .57∼-1.10범위 안에, 문항과 전체척도간의 상관관계는 모든 문항이 .40이상의 높은 신뢰도를 갖고 있었다. 부모에 의해 유아의 놀이 선호도를 검사하는 이 검사도구는 유아 놀이 선호정도와 밀접한 연관성이 있음이 증명되었다. 확인적 요인분석결과, 4요인 14문항과 3요인 13문항 모두 적합도지수를 수용하고 있었다(CFI, GFI:.90; RMR: .048: RMSEA; .079). 만약 부모용 유아 놀이 선호도 검사도구의 문항을 3개 요인으로 구성한다면, 활동-모험 놀이와 운동놀이를 한 요인으로 간주할 수 있다. 연구결과, 부모용 유아 놀이 선호도 측정도구는 문항 신뢰도와 타당도가 안정성 있게 검증되었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김병준, "체육학 연구에서 질문지 번역과 타당도 제고를 위한 절차" 한국스포츠심리학회 14 (14): 13-26, 2003

2 박대근, "유아기 대․소근육 운동발달의 과정적 특성" 중앙대학교 2005

3 탁진국, "심리검사법" 학지사 1996

4 이근모, "스포츠과학 데이터 분석법" 대한 미디어 2006

5 김계수, "구조방정식 모형분석" 한나래 2007

6 Brisliin, R. W, "Translation and content analysis of oral and written materials. In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Metho-dology" Allyn & Bacon 389-444, 1980

7 Sutton-Smith, B, "The play of girls. In Becoming Female: Perspectives on Development" Plenum Press 1979

8 Maccoby, E. E, "The Psychology of Sex Differences" Stanford University Press 1974

9 Finegan, J. K, "THE Play Activity Questionnaire: A Parent Report Measure of Children's Play Preferences" 20 (20): 1991

10 Zucker, K. J, "Sex-typed play in gender-disturbed children: A comparison to sibling and psychiatric controls" 11 : 309-321, 1982

11 Ehrhardt, A. A, "Sex-dimorphie behavior in childhood subsequent to prenatal exposure to exogenous progestogens and estrogens" 13 : 457-477, 1984

12 Sallis, J. F, "Self-Report Measures of Children's Physical Activity" 61 : 215-219, 1991

13 김원표, "SPSS통계분석강의" 사회와 통계 2006

14 Smith, P. K, "Rough-and-tumble play, fighting, and chasing in nursery school children" 175-181. 6 : 175-181, 1985

15 Humphreys, A. P, "Rough-and-tumble in preschool and playground. In Play in Animals and Humans" Blackwell 1984

16 Humphreys, A. P, "Rough and tumble, friendship, and dominance in school children: Evidence for continuity and change with age" 58 : 201-212, 1987

17 DiPietro, J. A, "Rough and tumble play: A function of gender" 17 : 50-58, 1981

18 Rubin, K. H, "Play. In Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. IV. Socialization, Personality, and Social Development" Wiley 1983

19 Sutton-Smith, B, "Play preference and play behavior: A validity study" 16 : 65-66, 1965

20 Smith, J. C, "Play Preferences of Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Delays Between Ages 3 and 7 Years" 28 (28): 19-30, 2008

21 Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L, "Perinatal factors in the development of gender-related play behavior: Sex hormones versus pregnancy complications" 51 : 260-271, 1985

22 Cooper, J. M, "Kinesiology (5th ed.)" C. V. Mosby 1982

23 Friedman, R. C, "Juvenile aggressivity and sissiness in homosexual and heterosexual males" 8 : 427-440, 1980

24 Yeger, B. E., "Impact of Culture on Children's Community Participation in Israel" 61 (61): 421-429, 2007

25 Beatty, W. W, "Hormonal organization of sex differences in play fighting and spatial behaviour. In Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 61" The Netherlands. 1984

26 Berenbaum, S, "Hormonal influences on sex-typed toy preferences" 1989

27 Dishman, R. K, "Failure to generalize determinants of self-reported physical activity to a motion sensor" 24 : 904-910, 1992

28 Rowland, T. W, "Exercise and Children's Health" Human Kinetics 1990

29 Broer, M. R, "Efficiency of human movement" W. B. Saunders 1973

30 Sutton-Smith, B, "Development of sex differences in play choices during preadolescence" 34 : 119-126, 1963

31 Zucker, K. J, "Cross-gender-identified children. In Gender Dysphoria: Development, Research, Management" Plenum Press 1985

32 Whiting, B. B, "Children of Different Worlds: The Formation of Social Behaviour" Harvard University Press 1988

33 Elizabeth, P. H, "Childhood sex-role behaviors: Similarities and differences in twins" 33 : 173-179, 1984

34 Dennison, B. A, "Childhood physical fitness tests: Predictor of adult physical activity levels?" 82 : 324-330, 1988

35 Langendorfer, S, "Aprelongitudinal test of motor stage theory" 58 (58): 21-29, 1987

36 Rosenberg, B. G, "A revised conception of masculine-feminine differences in play activities" 96 : 165-170, 1960

37 Whiting, B. B, "A cross-cultural analysis of sex differences in the behavior of children aged three through eleven" 91 : 171-188, 1973