한말 만인계(萬人契)의 내부 구조와 실상 = The internal structure and real facts of Maningye at the end of Korean Empire

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Maningye(萬人契), Santonggye(算筒契) and Samsipyukgye(三十六計) that was prevalent at the end of Korean Empire was a form of the gambling and lottery making a big fortune on a single occasion. Among Maningye of the treaty ports there was ever received a permit from local authorities in order to do the public works. Although the central government prohibited, these Maningyes ports pursued the limited publicity and legitimacy at local level. Santonggye to pursue a lump sum showed a change that seek to profitability.
But this Maningye’s prevalence was exposed to a cross-section of social time that a government discipline was collaping rapidly from down below unlike the Korean Empire’s modernization policy for the purpose of strengthening the emperor's right. And this was a new social phenomenon appeared between Seoul and treaty ports where capitalist elements were transplanted and were urbanized rapidly.

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