경관지구의 지정 및 운용에 관한 실증적 연구 : - 진주시 조망경관관리를 중심으로 -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study focuses on the view management program, in particularly in height control to investigate the public opinion on the view management and see the impact of it on the architectural activities. The research was based on Jinju where the management of the view is especially necessary because of the historical castle and the beautiful natural environment surrounding the city. The study reviews the current government regulations and also suggests the future steps for the local government to take in order to provide better quality of living for its population.
The most commonly used view management method is the height control of the buildings, the views from the built environment can hardly create the desirable city’s landscape formation in these days, therefore the methods taken are using the historical architecture and surrounding natural environment such as river and lake, and is the easiest ways to control the view of the city. As a result, the height control is the most commonly used practice in view management in order to harmonize both the built- and natural environment.
The view is defined as the scenery from the view point, which located in the core of city, to stationary objects such as historical buildings and mountains. The view is applied differently according to the size, the structure, the height, the position and the distance of the view point. In more developed cities accept and manage much more advanced landscape control systems such as View Corridor, View Cone, and View Plane. In the case of Jinju, when assigning the area surrounding the Jinju Castle as the Height-control zone, these points were the main issue between the governments and the general public.
Jinju’s landscape management system follows standard code. Firstly, set the control object and view point, secondly set the appropriate height using the views from above and below and lastly finds the view image through the survey to relfect the public views. In this study, following this code, the core management area was assigned which was the landscape from the surrounding mountains’ view point, the angle should below eight to ten degree, and other areas such as Jinju Castle and Nam Riverside was assigned as the periphery management area and set different standards for the height control standards.
As a result, the way to frame the landscape management control standard is the landscape analysis of the view line in the form-aesthetic side and the analysis of the landscape valuation through simulation for the practical-aesthetic side.
In Landscape analysis, fundamentally set the maximum height limit to be able to recognize the surrounding mountains from the view point and carry out the investigation. In the study, the result of the landscape assessment for both year 1997 and 2009, the public identified ‘harmonization with surroundings’ and ‘openness’ were the most important elements to determine the scenic-view. In 2009 survey, the ‘continuity with surroundings’ gained relatively high public opinion too.
Since the assignment of the landscape-control zone, the request of easing or even removing the regulation was continuously asked from local architects and developers, and these requests have changed some of the regulation for the control zone. As a result, in some areas of central city and the natural landscape zone limitation were eased or lifted, but not sufficiently large enough to shake the foundation of the landscape control.
In the survey for the changes of public opinion to recognize the necessity of the view control and the evaluation of the control after the assignment of the landscape-control zone, in 2009 the public recognized both for the control itself and needs for the control, much highly compared to the 1997 survey. Especially the mountains near Jinju Castle, Nam riverside and Jinyang Lake, the scores for the view control was high and recognized to be very essential. However for the areas along the main street and the old city center, the opinions were divided for the pros and cons, many gave the opinion that the permits for the high buildings should be given selectively in the city center. Therefore the review of the current regulation should be inevitable.
In the result of the survey, the public generally agree with the assignment of the landscape control and in the landscape analysis, the higher rate is given to the controlled buildings in the zone. However there was a divergence of opinion according to respondents, the largest opponents were, since the assignment of the control zone, the developers. Nevertheless in the landscape analysis, the developers gave relatively high rate to the view controlled zone and the lower buildings, which shows the contrast in understandings and assessments. This possibly can be explained as the reason to oppose is because of their professions.
In the study, to confirm this finding the research carried on to investigate the impact on architectural activities after the assignment of the landscape control, and there was no particular influence on the activities and in the most sites the limitations on the height control was not specially large to make any impacts. The one can influence the most for the height of buildings is the floor space index, and a relatively large lot have the greatest impact with the index. Therefore the impact on easing the regulation is partly shown along the main road. However the area such as the view controlled zone where particularly the regulation should be eased, rather than relieving the regulation uniformly, setting up the certain guideline which adopt the use of openness and harmony relative to the surrounding environment, and then easing the regulation by degrees should be ideal, and the management scheme should soon be found to control the landscape which can be agreed with both government and the public.
In conclusion, generally the height control in Jinju’s landscape management show very positive effect, and particularly in the areas, where much intense control is required, such as Jinju Castle, Nam Riverside, Jinyang Lake. The other areas where yet not strongly controlled, should now create the substantial basis, not just for the height but to create much better landscape of the city.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
• 1) 연구의 배경 1
• 2) 연구의 목적 4
• 2. 연구의 방법 및 범위 6
• 1) 연구의 방법 6
• 2) 연구의 범위 7
• 3. 기존연구동향 10
• 1) 도시경관 연구의 유형 10
• 2) 조망에 관한 연구동향 11
• 3) 본 연구의 독창성 15
• 4. 논문의 구성 15
• Ⅱ. 조망경관관리에 대한 기초적 고찰 19
• 1. 조망경관의 개념 19
• 1) 경관 19
• 2) 조망경관 21
• 3) 조망경관의 유형 24
• 4) 조망경관의 관리수법 25
• 5) 용어정리 28
• 2. 경관법의 성격과 조망경관의 운용방법 29
• 1) 경관법의 도입배경 29
• 2) 경관법의 성격 30
• 3) 경관계획의 성격 및 지위 (수립지침 제2절) 31
• 4) 경관법의 위상과 경관의 운용 32
• 3. 국내외의 조망경관관리사례 33
• 1) 국내의 사례 33
• 2) 해외사례 34
• Ⅲ. 진주시 경관지구의 운용과 고도관리 44
• 1. 도시경관적 이슈와 제도화의 배경 44
• 1) 경관관리계획의 수립배경 44
• 2) 고도제한의 논리성 47
• 3) 경관관리를 위한 계획의 수립 50
• 2. 경관관리계획과 경관지구의 지정 52
• 1) 경관관리계획의 내용 53
• 2) 경관지구의 지정과정 56
• 3. 경관지구 지정이후의 운용과 제도의 변천 59
• 1) 경관지구 관련제도의 변천 59
• 2) 용적률 및 고도의 상향조정 62
• 4. 민/관의 경관지구 완화책 64
• 1) 고도제한을 둘러싼 논쟁 64
• 2) 고층건축물 건립을 둘러싼 여론 65
• 3) 관의 경관지구 무력화 66
• 5. 경관지구운용의 과제 68
• 1) 중점 이슈가 된 사례 68
• 2) 지구운용의 과제 71
• Ⅳ. 진주시 경관지구의 고도관리를 위한 준거설정 74
• 1. 분석의 개요 74
• 2. 조망점과 조망대상의 선정 75
• 1) 조망대상 75
• 2) 조망점 77
• 3. 경관관리구역의 설정 78
• 1) 앙각과 부감의 검토기준 78
• 2) 진주성 주변의 고도지구의 검토 79
• 4. 경관시뮬레이션에 대한 시각적 평가 85
• 1) 실험방법 85
• 2) 실험 1 : 시가지 건축물의 경관평가 87
• 3) 실험 2 : 건축물 높이변화에 따른 평가 88
• 4) 실험 3 : 건축물 형태변화에 따르는 평가 91
• 5. 경관관리구역설정의 준거 94
• 1) 진주성과 주변 산의 경관관리구역 94
• 2) 남강변 경관관리구역 96
• 3) 시가지 경관관리구역 97
• Ⅴ. 경관지구 지정 이후의 경관인식과 건축물 이미지 평가 98
• 1. 분석의 시점 98
• 1) 조사의 의의 98
• 2) 조사개요 99
• 3) 분석방법 104
• 2. ’97년과 ’09년 사이의 경관인식변화 105
• 1) 진주시 도시상 105
• 2) 진주시 도시경관의 경관요소 107
• 3) 경관관리에 대한 인식 110
• 4) 시가지 내의 고층건물의 입지타당성 117
• 5) 경관행정 121
• 3. 경관지구에 대한 평가 123
• 1) 경관지구 지정 후의 평가 123
• 2) 지역 및 경관요소별 평가 126
• 3) 경관지구별 고도제한에 대한 평가 127
• 4. 경관지구 내 건축물의 이미지 평가 129
• 1) 분석의 개요 129
• 2) 대상건축물별 경관이미지의 평가 130
• 3) 전체적인 경관평가 회귀분석 131
• 5. 소결 133
• Ⅵ. 경관지구의 지정과 건축행위의 상관성 분석 135
• 1. 분석의 개요 135
• 1) 분석시점 135
• 2) 데이터의 구축 136
• 3) 분석의 전제 및 방법 137
• 2. 경관지구 지정 전후의 건축행위의 추이 138
• 1) 경관지구와 건축물 허가의 관련성 138
• 2) 경관지구와 건축현황 142
• 3. 경관지구별 건축물 높이와 밀도의 상관분석 145
• 1) 분석의 기준 145
• 2) 높이 기준에 의한 상관관계 146
• 3) 용적률 기준에 의한 상관관계 149
• 4) 용도지역에 의한 상관관계 152
• 4. 고도규제의 완화 등에 의한 개발밀도의 영향 155
• 1) 분석시점 155
• 2) 제2종 자연경관지구 높이완화의 영향 155
• 3) 중심지 미관지구의 고도제한 해제의 영향 160
• 5. 소결 164
• Ⅶ. 종합검토 및 정책방향 166
• 1. 고도제한을 통한 조망경관의 관리의 한계 166
• 1) 경관지구의 지정과 관리 166
• 2. 경관관리수법의 다양화 170
• 1) 규제에서 규범으로 170
• 2) 수법의 다양화 171
• 3. 진주시 경관지구의 효과적 운용을 위한 정책 172
• 1) 지구지정의 범위조정 172
• 2) 공간에서 장소만들기로 173
• 3) 공공건축가의 활용 173
• 4) 관련법의 활용 174
• Ⅷ. 결론 176
• 1. 연구의 결과 176
• 2. 연구의 과제 178
• 참고문헌 180
• 부록 : 설문지 189