Objective: This study aimed to examine the level of health literacy among Korean adults aged 65 years and older and to identify factors associated with health literacy, thereby providing foundational evidence for developing education and intervention ...
Objective: This study aimed to examine the level of health literacy among Korean adults aged 65 years and older and to identify factors associated with health literacy, thereby providing foundational evidence for developing education and intervention strategies to improve health literacy in older adults.
Methods: Among participants in the second year of the Ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2023, 1,544 adults aged 65 years or older were analyzed. Health literacy was assessed using a 10-item self-administered questionnaire, and participants were classified into an adequate health literacy group with scores of 30 points or higher and an inadequate health literacy group with scores below 30. Complex-sample analyses were applied, including descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analyses, general linear models, and logistic regression analyses.
Results: The mean health literacy score was 27.75, and 55.3% of older adults were classified as having inadequate health literacy. Education level, household income, household type, walking practice, awareness and use of nutrition labels, and quality of life (HINT-8) were significantly associated with health literacy. Using elementary school education or less as the reference category, health literacy was significantly higher among individuals with a high school education(OR=1.70) and those with a college education or higher(OR=2.55). Compared with the low-income group, the middle-high income group(OR=1.54) and the high-income group(OR=1.61) showed higher health literacy. Older adults living in multi-person households had higher health literacy than those living alone(OR=1.35). Those who practiced walking had higher health literacy than those who did not(OR=1.63). Higher awareness and use of nutrition labels were associated with increased health literacy(OR=2.20). In addition, each 0.1-point increase in the HINT-8 score was associated with higher odds of having adequate health literacy(OR=1.21).
Conclusion: More than half of older adults aged 65 years and older in Korea were classified as having inadequate health literacy. Higher levels of education and household income, living in multi-person households, practicing walking, using nutrition labels, and having a higher quality of life (HINT-8) were associated with adequate health literacy. Therefore, targeted education and support programs aimed at improving health literacy and providing easy-to-understand health information are needed, particularly for older adults with lower levels of education and income, those living alone, those with insufficient physical activity, and those with limited experience using nutrition labels. Such efforts may enhance older adults’ access to and use of health information, thereby contributing to improved health equity and quality of life.