Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a cause of gonorrhoea and result to wide range of disease from normal carrier to severe complications. The recent improvement of personal hygiene made gonorrhoeae decrease. But, the caution about the spread of gonorrhoeae was ...
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a cause of gonorrhoea and result to wide range of disease from normal carrier to severe complications. The recent improvement of personal hygiene made gonorrhoeae decrease. But, the caution about the spread of gonorrhoeae was required because still about twenty thousand of patient suffered from N. gonorrhoeae and most of them were sexually active young men. The aims of this study were to collect N. gonorrhoea from the various health-care centers and hospitals and to determine the trend of antimicrobial resistance, resistance mechanism, and molecular epidemiological characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae isolates.
Gonococci were isolated from Korean patients and prostitutes in 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution method. And to determine the antimicrobial selective pressure to N. gonorrhoeae, the amount of antimicrobial agents to subscribe to control the gonorrhea was analyzed. To determine the mechanisms of quinoloneresistance in N. gonorrhoeae, the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC genes were sequenced and for the cephalosporin non-susceptibility, penA genes was also tested. Molecular epidemiological characteristics were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). And some of N. gonorrhoeae were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing or por an tbpB gene analysis.
A total of 51 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were collected in 2009. None of the isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin G, but the percentage of intermediate isolates increased from 23% in 2006 to 65% in 2009. The rate of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae was 18% in 2009. All of the isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefixime. In penA sequcencing, eight genotypes were found, and the distriution of penA genotype were varied by yearand cefpercentage of cephalosporin less-susceptible N. gonorrhoeae with MIC ≥ 0.12 μg/mL were 20% to ceftriaxone and 10% to cefixime. The resistant rate of ciprofloxacin remained still high, and more than half of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from 2009 were highly-resistant to ciprofloxacin with MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL. A few isolates showed hame PFGE patterns, but most of them were polyclonal. TRNG, recently increased, were different from non-TRNG in susceptiblity of ciprofloxacin, and some of them had same sequence type supposing clonal spread by NG-MASTanalysis. There was no isolate to show resistance to spectinomycin.
In conclusion, the antimicrobial resistance of N. gonorrhoeae was still severe, and most of N. gonorrhoeae was multi-drug resistant. The rates of cephalosporin, especially ceftriaxone, less-susceptible N. gonorrhoeae increased, and the genetic variants in QRDR and penA genes became more complicated and changed, and it will be required the continuous surveillance. Finally, recently increased TRNG were supposed to be due to some clonal spread, and it would be required that infection control to prevent the spread of it.