한국 아동에서 살펴본 언어와 틀린 믿음 발달 간의 관계 = The Relations between Language and False Belief in Korean Children

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined whether earlier language abilities could predict the performance of false belief at a later time. Fifty-five children participated in the study, whose ages ranged from 3;2 to 3;11(M=3;7) at the beginning of the study. The children were tested 3 times at intervals of six-months. The three kinds of language tasks were used to measure the complement understanding; the infinitival complement of the mental verb‘want’the sentential complement of the mental verb‘think’and the communication verb‘say’. Receptive vocabularies were also measured. The false belief tasks included non-verbal false belief tasks, unexpected location tasks, and unexpected content tasks. The results of hierarchical regression analyses suggested that earlier language abilities, especially the understanding of the sentential complement, can predict the performance in the false belief tasks.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 언어가 틀린 믿음 수행을 예측해 줄 수 있는지를 1년간의 종단 연구를 통해 접근하였다. 38개월-47개월 사이의 한국 아동 55명을 대상으로 1년 동안 3번에 걸쳐, 문장보어절을 취하는 ‘말하다’와 ‘생각하다’구문, 그리고 부정보어절을 취하는 ‘원하다’구문에 대한 이해와 어휘를 측정하였다. 또한 비언어 틀린 믿음 과제, 위치변화 과제, 내용변화 과제를 사용하여 틀린 믿음 이해를 측정하였다. 결과는 많은 선행연구들이 보고한 바와 마찬가지로 전반적으로 언어 능력이 틀린 믿음 이해와 관련이 있음을 보여 주었다. 더 나아가 언어의 어떤 요인이 틀린 믿음과 관련이 되는지를 살펴보기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, ‘말하다’와 ‘생각하다’의 보문 이해만이 틀린 믿음 수행을 예측해 주었다. 어휘와 ‘원하다’구문은 틀린 믿음 수행을 독자적으로 예측해 주지 못했다. 이러한 결과는 문장 보어절을 취하는 특정한 보문 구조에 대한 이해가 틀린 믿음 추론을 예측한다는 de Villiers 등의 주장을 지지해 주는 것으로 해석할 수 있을 것이다.

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