Essential criminology

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Tables and Figures = ⅸ
• Preface and Acknowledgments = xi
• 1 What Is Criminology? The Study of Crime, Criminals, and Victims = 1
• What Is Criminology? = 2
• Criminological Theory = 5
• Victimology = 9
• Summary = 11
• 2 Defining Crime = 13
• The Legal Definition = 13
• Consensus and Conflict Approaches = 15
• Hagan's Pyramid of Crime = 21
• Summary = 35
• Notes = 35
• 3 Measuring Crime : How Criminologists Obtain Data on the Extent of Crime = 36
• Government Measures of Crime = 37
• What the UCR and NCVS Tell About Crime Trends = 52
• Independent Crime Measures = 54
• Summary = 61
• Notes = 62
• 4 Classical, Neoclassical, and Rational Choice Theories = 63
• The Preclassical Era = 64
• The Classical Reaction = 66
• Neoclassical Revisions = 71
• Resurrecting Rational Choice : Situational Factors and Routine Activities Theory = 76
• Conceptual and Empirical Limitations : What the Research Shows = 77
• Policy Applications of Rational Choice and Routine Activities Theories = 83
• Summary and Conclusion = 88
• Summary Chart : Classical, Rational Choice, and Routine Activities Theories = 89
• 5 "Born to Be Bad" : Biological, Physiological, and Biosocial Theories of Crime = 91
• Biological and Positivistic Assumptions = 92
• The Born Criminal = 94
• Early U.S. Family-Type and Body-Type Theories = 96
• Contemporary Biological Perspectives = 99
• Causal Mechanisms = 101
• Conceptual and Empirical Limitations = 106
• Criminal Justice Policy Implications = 108
• Summary and Conclusion = 109
• Summary Chart : Biological Theory = 110
• 6 Criminal Minds : Psychiatric and Psychological Explanations for Crime = 112
• From Sick Minds to Abnormal Behavior = 113
• Shared Psychological Assumptions = 114
• The Psychoanalytic Approach = 115
• Trait-Based Personality Theories = 118
• Behavioral, Situational, and Social Learning Theories = 124
• Cognitive Theories = 126
• Ecological Psychology = 128
• Summary and Conclusion = 130
• Summary Chart : Psychological Theories of Crime = 131
• Notes = 133
• 7 Learning Criminal Behavior : Social Process Theories = 134
• Common Themes and Different Assumptions = 136
• Sutherland's Differential Association Theory = 137
• Learning Rationalizations as Motives = 145
• Summary and Conclusion = 154
• Summary Chart : Social Process Theories = 154
• 8 Failed Socialization : Control Theory, Social Bonds, and Labeling = 157
• Control Theory : Learning Not to Commit Crime = 159
• Limitations and Policy Implications of Control Theory = 163
• Labeling Theory : A Special Case of Failed Socialization? = 167
• Summary and Conclusion = 179
• Summary Chart : Control Theory and Labeling Theory = 179
• 9 Crimes of Place : Social Ecology and Cultural Theories of Crime = 182
• Common Themes and Assumptions = 184
• The Chicago School = 186
• The New Social Ecology Theories = 192
• Cultural Deviance Theories = 200
• New Cultural Theory of Crime = 202
• Summary and Conclusion = 204
• Summary Chart : Social Ecology Theory and Culture Conflict Theory = 205
• 10 The Sick Society : Anomie, Strain, and Subcultural Theory = 208
• Assumptions of Strain Theory = 210
• Founders of Strain Theory = 212
• Recent Revisions to Anomie／Strain Theory = 226
• Summary and Conclusion = 231
• Summary Chart : Anomie／Strain Theory = 232
• 11 Capitalism as a Criminogenic Society : Conflict and Radical Theories of Crime = 235
• Shared Assumptions and Differences : Conflict and Radical Theories = 237
• The Roots of Conflict Criminology = 240
• Contemporary Conflict Criminology = 244
• Limitations and Policy Implications of Conflict Theory = 246
• The Roots of Radical Theory : Marx's Analysis of Capitalist Society = 250
• Contemporary Radical Criminology = 255
• Central Themes of Radical Criminology = 255
• The Capitalist State and Crime Control : Instrumental Versus Structural Marxism = 258
• The Limits and Policy Implications of Radical Theory = 259
• Summary and Conclusion = 261
• Summary Chart : Conflict Theory and Radical Theory = 262
• 12 Critical Criminologies for the Twenty-First Century = 264
• Left Realism = 266
• Feminism = 268
• Postmodernism = 279
• Anarchism, Abolitionism, and Peacemaking = 285
• Integrative Theory = 289
• Conclusion = 293
• Summary Chart : Critical Criminologies = 294
• References = 299
• Index = 345