Korea has started urban development policy since the industrialization of 1960s. The industrialization and urbanization that occurred in such short periods caused the frequent residential movement followed by the change in employment base. Such change...
Korea has started urban development policy since the industrialization of 1960s. The industrialization and urbanization that occurred in such short periods caused the frequent residential movement followed by the change in employment base. Such changes affected the decrease and breakdown of the neighbourhood community spirit and the local community identity formed from the early agricultural society. From the end of 1980s, realizing problems from early urban development policy, Korean government gradually expanded community oriented facilities such as public service facilities and cultural facilities. Furthermore, Korean government started to seek for the improvement of quality of life based on the local characteristics of community orienting community restoration for amenity.
In spite of these development, current community facilities could not perform their roles as a field of social networks between residents.
This research suggests the multi-use of community facilities as an efficient way of community restoration for new town residents and it focuses on deriving the agenda for improving a regime. The research was carried out as follows.
First, the literature review dealt with theoretical contents of community, community consisting elements, and community facilities. The multi-use community facilities were selected through the literature review.
Second, current community supply and operational systems were examined based on the regulations for each facility and the problems were analyzed.
Third, a case study was conducted from Korea to developed countries like USA, Japan, and Canada and suggestions were drawn. Based on such suggestions, advisable application methods were examined.
Fourth, for the substantiate analysis of multi-use community facilities, the survey was also performed for government officials, government investment organizations, research institutes, an academic bodies.
From the survey, 79.5% of respondents shared the necessity of multi-use community facilities to improve the quality of the community.
Setting up the conceptual framework of community facilities, scrutinizing investigations of associated laws and regulations, case studies and survey results were analyzed together. According to the results, community activate methods can be suggested as follows.
First, it is required to build a concrete cooperation among related facilities' subjects. To make its conflict minimize, "Multi- use Community Promotion Committee" should be introduced. This committee decides on budget, construction and also operation based on the uAgreement on multi-use of community facilities v
Second, park and cultural facilities are the core ones for the multi-use community facilities. Maintaining the existing neighbourhood theory is in the overall framework of urban design though key facilities should be changed from primary schools to park or cultural facilities.
Third, support from the national and local governments like providing financial aid are also required. As seen in the case studies from other countries, financial aid from national or local level is required in the process of multi-use facilities. In addition, Fund for community facility v is also needed to implement.
Fourth, cultural developments are pursued to respect unique characteristics in the region. Korean government used to ignore the unique characteristics in each province. This approach should change toward to respect its region's unique characteristics to emphasize their identity.
Fifth, lively public participation is advisable. It is advisable to activate a public hearing by giving chances to the public to get involved from the beginning (i.e. setting the town planning) to its completion.In addition, indirect participation is also carefully considered. Most urban plan requires professional knowledge therefore, committee based on professionals from various urban planning fields is asked. When the planning completes, activation of operational programme is required to get some help from a volunteering members.
Sixth, actively publicization is also needed. For this, if pilot projects get done first and positively publticize its effect, fruitful results will be expected.
To achieve mentioned above, it is necessary to ask to improve the relating laws and regulations. The most effective way is to enact the law Special Act on the multi-use of community facilities. vHowever, in reality it might take longer to enact, therefore alternative ways such as revising the current laws are also considered. The key laws for new town planning called Planning standard for sustainable newtown v, Act on the implementation and utilization for National Territory vand, uAct on urban park and green area vare requested to revise.