쌀의 생산과정에서 발생하는 탄소배출량 산정을 위한 전과정평가 적용

국문 초록 (Abstract)

농산물 탄소성적표지제도 도입을 위한 농업분야 LCI database에 대한 연구를 위하여 쌀의 생산체계를 대상으로 전과정평가를 수행하였다.
LCI 구축을 위한 영농 투입물과 산출물에 대한 데이터 결과 유기질비료와 복합비료가 각각 4.29E-01 kg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>rice, 2.30E-01 kg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice으로 영농단계에서 가장 높은 투입량을 보였고, 영농단계에서 발생하는 직접대기배출물이 3.23E-02 kg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice의 배출값을 나타내었다. 쌀 생산체계에서 발생하는 온실가스를 중심으로 전과정 목록 분석을 수행한 결과 탄소성적값은 8.70E-01 kg CO₂-eq. kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice이었다. 이 중 CO₂가 7.02E-01 kg CO₂-eq.kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice로 온실가스 발생의 약 80%가 CO₂였고, CH₄과 N₂O의 배출량은 각각 13%, 5%의 비중을 차지하였다. 전과정 영향평가 결과 지구온난화에 기여하는 주요인자는 유기질비료 생산 공정이 42%, 무기질비료 생산공정이 40%로 비료생산공정에 의한 비중이 가장 높았다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) carried out to estimate carbon footprint and to establish of LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) database of rice production system. The results of collecting data for establishing LCI D/B showed that organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer input to 4.29E-01 kg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice and 2.30E-01 kg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice for rice cultivation. It was the highest value among input for rice cultivation. And direct field emission was 3.23E-02 kg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> during rice cropping. The results of LCI analysis focussed on greenhouse gas (GHG) was showed that carbon footprint was 8.70E-01 kg CO2-eq. kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice. Especially for 80% of CO2 in the GHG and 7.02E-01 kg of its CO2-eq. kg<SUP>-1</SUP> rice. Of the GHG emission CH4, and N2O were estimated to be 13% and 5%, respectively. With LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) for rice cultivation system, it was observed that fertilizer process might be contributed to approximately 80% of GWP (global warming potential).

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 서언
• 재료 및 방법
• 결과 및 고찰
• 적요
• 인용문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 일본 농업환경기술연구소, "환경영향평가를 위한 LCA 기법의 개발"

2 박홍규, "아열대와 온대 기후 하에서 벼 생육 비교" 한국농림기상학회 8 (8): 45-53, 2006

3 신중두, "시비방법별 벼 재배에 따른 전과정평가 방법을 적용한 환경영향 평가" 한국환경농학회 22 (22): 41-46, 2003

4 KFIA (Korea Fertilizer Industry Association), "fertilizer production data. Korea Fertilizer Industry Association. Seoul, Korea"

5 NAQS (National Agricultural Production Quality Management Service), "cultivation trend of Major crops"

6 Blengini, G.A., "The life cycle of rice: LCA of alternative agri-food chain management system in Vercelli (Italy)" 90 : 1512-1522, 2009

7 Ko J.Y., "The effects of nitrogen fertilizers and cultural patterns on methane emission from rice paddy fields" 17 (17): 227-233, 1998

8 Erwin, M.S., "LCA studies of food products as background for Environmental Product Declarations" 13 (13): 255-264, 2008

9 ISO (International Organization for Standardization), "ISO 14040:2006(E) Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework"

10 Lee, S.K., "Emission of Greenhouse in the agricultural environment. 1. The cropping system and emssion of the greenhouse -CO2, CH4, N2O- under different cropping system" 26 (26): 49-56, 1993

11 Williams, A.G., "Determining the environmental burdens and resource use in the production of agricultural and horticultural commodities. Main Report. Defra Research Project IS0 205" Cranfield University and Defra 2006

12 Haas, G., "Comparing intensified and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment" 83 : 43-53, 2001

13 Yun, S.H., "Climate change and coping with vulnerability of agricultural productivity" 3 (3): 220-227, 2001

14 IPCC (Intergovernmental Pannel on Climate Change), "Climate change 2001, Radioactive forcing of climate change, The scientific basis" Cambridge University press 388-390, 2001

15 KCPA (Korea Crop Protection Association), "Agrochemical year book" Korea Crop Protection Association 2007

16 KCPA (Korea Crop Protection Association), "Agrochemical use guide book" Korea Crop Protection Association 2007

17 KWA (Korea Waste Association), "Agricultural waste data. Korea Waste Association"

18 MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheres), "A study on establishing effective management system for equipped agricultural input wastes" Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheres 2004

19 RDA (Rural Development Administration), "2007 Agro-livestock incomes data book" Rural Development Administration 2008

20 IPCC, "2006 IPCC Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme" IGES 2006