근대 자유주의와 푸쉬킨의 오리엔탈리즘의 모호성 = 푸쉬킨의 「집시들」에 나타난 “자유” 개념을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Modern western culture has been criticized by some western scholars who engaged in self-reflective criticism on it. Th. Adorno and M. Horkheimer’s “dialectics of enlightenment” and Edward S. Said’s “orientalism” are representative of such self-reflective approaches to modern culture. This paper focused on shedding light on peculiarities of Enlightenment and Romanticism in relation to their understanding of human freedom, relationship between individual humans and communities(state or nation), and relationship between East and West. Enlightenment is based on the idea of modern subjectivity’s Freedom and human ability to conceive and control the others by his Reason, while Romanticism on the confidence in feeling, imagination, intuition, inspiration, revelation as mediators between finite and infinite.
However, these two categories share the liberalist individualism as their fundamental principle and evince some ambiguities of both the liberalism discourses per se and the way of realization of ideas in reality. The ambiguities may be realized toward the direction of positive thesis or negative antithesis. At the end of the 18-th century and the beginning of the 19-th century, Russian society introduced both liberalism flows at the same time, integrating Russian Romanticism, which engages in formulating Russian national identity between East and West, especially in the process of colonizing Southern region of Russia. In Russia, western orientalism discourses, activated in the late 18th-the early 19th centuries, were transformed into more ambiguous versions because of the boundary position of Russia in the triple relationship of ‘West-Russia-East(especially Caucasus region).
This study analyzed the idea of Freedom and the ambiguities of orientalism with Englightment and Romanticism integrated mixed together, focusing on Pushkin’s last and best southern romantic epic, “Gypsies.” The text is characterized for Pushkin’s ambiguity of romanticist and enlightenment orientalism discourses than in Western original models and his tendency of de-romantification and multi-facetedeness with a tinge of irony. Given the constant tendency that ambiguities of enlightenment and romanticism are realized in reality in the direction of antithesis, it appears time to engage in devising the “third way” of transforming the antithesis of modern liberalism discourses into the thesis.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가기 : 근대 자유주의에 대한 자기반성
• Ⅱ. 계몽주의와 낭만주의 담론들과 러시아의 오리엔탈리즘
• Ⅲ. 「집시들」 : 푸쉬킨의 낭만주의적 오리엔탈리즘의 모호성
• Ⅳ. 맺는 말 : 오리엔탈리즘의 극복을 위하여
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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