진관사,삼화사 국행수륙재 비교 = Comparative of Gukhaeng suryukje Jingwan -sa,Samhwa- sa

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ‘suryukje’ is a form of ‘cheondo’ ritual, which is a Buddhist ritual wishing and leading the soul of dead person to heaven. The purpose of ‘cheondo’ ritual in Buddhism is accumulating virtue through certain ceremonial procedure by live people and offering that virtue to the dead person so that the dead person would go to heaven. The significance of ritual in Buddhism is very big and it takes a big part in Buddhist service. Sutra - chanting, food offering and ritual ceremony take major part of Buddhist ritual. Even the doctrines of Chu - tzu was the political ideology during Joseon period, it is notable that the ‘suryukje’ was continuously performed during the same period. It proves that Buddhism has social function as a religion and Buddhism is deep in the heart of people. The weight of ‘suryukje’ in Buddhism is very big. The ‘gukhaeng suryukje’ of Jingwan - sa temple is in the form of 7 rituals at the interval of 7 days. The last one is overnight ritual and it consists of day ritual and night ritual. The ceremonial sequence of Jingwan - sa ‘suryukje’ is; ‘siryeon’, ‘daeryeong’, ‘gwanyok’, ‘shinjung - jakbeob’, ‘gwaebul - iun’, ‘yeongsan - jakbeob’, ‘beobmun’, ‘suryuk - yeongi’, ‘saja - dan’, ‘oro - dan’, ‘sang-dan’, ‘jung - dan’, ‘ha - dan’ and ‘bongsong - hoehyang’. The ‘yeongsan - jakbeob’ ceremony contains the inviting of ‘yeongsan - hoesang’ Buddhas, Bodhisattvas and all Buddhist saints and paying respect to them. In addition, Yongwang-dan is built for ‘bangsaeng’ ceremony, which is the setting free of captive animals. In Samhwa-sa temple, ‘oro - dan’ is located at the center in front of ‘gwaebul’, a hung Buddha,; while in Jingwan - sa temple, ‘oro - dan’ is located at the end of left side facing ‘gwaebul’. The Samhwa - sa ‘gukhaeng suryukje’ goes on for three days in the sequence of; ‘siryeon’, ‘daeryeong’, ‘jojeon - jeoman’, ‘shinjung - jakbeob’, ‘gwaebul - iun’, ‘swaesu - gyeolgye’, ‘saja - dan’, ‘oro - dan’, ‘sang - dan’, ‘seolbeo’, ‘jung - dan’, ‘bangsaeng’, ha - dan` and ‘bongsong-hoehyang’. The characteristic of Samhwa - sa ‘suryukje’ is the ‘swaesu-gyeolgye’ ceremony. As the first main ceremony of ‘suryukje’, Buddhist water is sprinkled on ‘doryang’(temple) to clean the place and determine the boundary. Donghae / Samcheok area is very important military strategic place and the place had more battles and conflicts than other areas. Accordingly, the ‘bangsaeng’ ceremony of Samhwa - sa takes the role of leading the souls of dead soldiers to heaven. It can be said that situation and environmentare are expressed together in the Samhwa - sa ‘suryukje’ ritual. The ‘suryukje’ rituals in accordance with ‘seokmuneuibeom’ are performed in many nationwide places now. However, a ‘suryukje’ ritual in its full sequence and scale is too big for a private party to perform alone; therefore, current ‘suryukjes’ are being performed in shortened version, in which the ‘bangsaeng’ ritual(releasing captured fish and turtles) is the main ritual. The ‘suryukje’ is a traditional Buddhist ritua and it is very valuable as a cultural asset and as a comprehensive art performance. More detail studies on ‘beompae’, ritual tools, ‘jangeom’ and temple food are essentially required in the future in addition to studies on Buddhist rituals.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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