The Identity of the Recipient of the Divine Judgment in Amos 9:1-4

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Amos 9 is commonly divided into two divisions (9:1-10 and 11-15) by most commentaries and scholarly works. The first division is considered to be a judgment upon Israel, while the second one a restoration for Israel. Contrary to common translations, we suggest to read the vision of total destruction in 9:1-4 as referring to the destruction of Israel’s enemies. This is a beginning of the restoration of Israel. Our argument is dependent on how we interpret 9:1, especially the clause 9:1aβ (~L'Ku varoB. ~[;c;b.W ~yPiSih; Wv[]r>yIw> rATp.K;h; %h;). Most commentators and English Bible translations understand the Hebrew nouns rATp.K;h; and ~yPiSih; as general nouns to mean “the capitals” and “the thresholds,” respectively. However, this paper proposes to read them as proper nouns rATp.K;h; for “the Caphtorim” and ~yPiSih; for “the Sippim” which, as merism, refer to “the Phoenicians” and “the Philistines.” We would like to propose an alternative reading to the usual understanding of the vision report (9:1-4) in the context of temple destruction. We suggest to read it alternatively in the context of chaos in the aftermath of war created by invading armies. Such traditional enemies of Israel as “the Phoenicians” and “the Philistines” are totally destroyed by invading armies.

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