전 지구적으로 증가하는 에너지 사용은 화석연료의 사용을 증가시켜 환경오염을 가속화하고 더불어 에너지 자원의 고갈 문제를 일으킨다. 지속 가능한 친환경 에너지원인 태양광, 태양열, ...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T16656178
전주 : 전북대학교 일반대학원, 2023
학위논문(박사) -- 전북대학교 일반대학원 , 탄소소재파이버공학 , 2023. 2
2023
영어
전북특별자치도
xv, 115 p. ; 26 cm
지도교수: 길명섭
I804:45011-000000056603
0
상세조회0
다운로드전 지구적으로 증가하는 에너지 사용은 화석연료의 사용을 증가시켜 환경오염을 가속화하고 더불어 에너지 자원의 고갈 문제를 일으킨다. 지속 가능한 친환경 에너지원인 태양광, 태양열, ...
전 지구적으로 증가하는 에너지 사용은 화석연료의 사용을 증가시켜 환경오염을 가속화하고 더불어 에너지 자원의 고갈 문제를 일으킨다. 지속 가능한 친환경 에너지원인 태양광, 태양열, 풍력, 지력, 조력 등은 환경오염에 대한 부담을 줄여주지만, 간헐적이고 불안정한 에너지원으로 인해 충분한 전력을 공급하는데 큰 문제가 있다. 에너지 저장 시스템은 불안정한 전력공급을 해결할 수 있는 대안으로 떠오르고 있으나, 과충전이나 전압의 불안정성은 여전히 문제로 남아 있다.
슈퍼커패시터는 빠른 충방전 특성으로 인해 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있으며 친환경 에너지원의 불안정한 전력 특성을 보완하기에 적합한 장치이다. 슈퍼커패시터의 성능에 가장 영향을 미치는 부품은 전극이며, 전극의 성능은 슈퍼커패시터 및 에너지 저장 시스템의 성능에 직접적인 영향을 준다.
폴리아크릴로나이트릴 기반 탄소나노섬유는 슈퍼커패시터용 전극으로 높은 잠재력을 가지고 있으나, 다양한 나노물질 중 상대적으로 낮은 비표면적과 이온 확산을 위한 수송 채널의 부재 등의 문제로 실제 적용하기에는 한계가 존재한다.
따라서, 본 연구에서는 폴리아크릴로나이트릴 나노섬유를 다양한 조건으로 탄화하여 탄소나노섬유를 제조하고, 탄소나노섬유 전극의 특성 및 전도성 물질, 전도성 고분자를 도입한 전극을 분석하고 전극으로 사용하기 위한 각각의 조건 및 역할에 대해 연구하였다.
첫 번째 연구에서는 폴리아크릴로나이트릴에 포함된 질소종을 활용해 질소 도핑된 탄소나노섬유의 특징을 확인하였다. 질소 도핑된 탄소나노섬유는 탄화 조건을 세분화하여 탄화 온도 및 시간에 따른 특성을 확인하고, 전극으로 제조하여 전기화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 탄화 온도 및 시간에 따른 형태학적 특성을 분석하였고, 탄화 조건에 따라 탄소나노섬유의 내부 변화 및 질소 도핑과 관련된 질소종을 확인하였다. 또한, 전기화학적 특성에 영향을 주는 질소종의 변화 및 탄화 정도를 나타낼 수 있는 R값과 면저항의 변화를 비교하여 전극으로서의 활용성을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 800 °C에서 1시간동안 탄화한 샘플이 가장 안정적인 전기화학적 특성을 나타내었으며, 1 A g-1의 충방전 속도에서 85.25 F g-1의 비정전용량을 나타내었다.
두 번째 연구에서는 탄소나노섬유에 전도성 물질을 도입하여 탄소나노섬유를 직접 전극에 활용하는 방식과 기판으로 활용하는 방식으로 구분하여 탄화조건에 따른 전극의 특성에 대해 연구하였다. 탄소나노섬유를 직접 전극에 활용하는 방식은 탄소나노섬유 단독으로 전극에 활용하는 방식과 전도성 물질과 혼합하여 활용하는 방식으로 나누었으며, 사용한 전도성 물질은 비정전용량에 영향이 적은 카본블랙을 사용하여 접착 물질과 혼합하여 사용하였다. 탄소나노섬유를 기판으로 활용하는 방식은 대표적인 전도성 고분자인 아닐린을 중합하여 사용하였다. 단일 전극과 전도성 물질 혼합 전극은 800 °C에서 탄화한 샘플에서 가장 높은 결과를 얻어 질소도핑, 시료의 저항, R값에 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. 탄소나노섬유를 기판으로 사용한 PANI@CNFs는 탄화과정에서 탄소고리 형성이 아닐린 중합과 전도성에 영향을 주었으며, 이로 인해 고온에서 탄화된 탄소나노섬유의 전기화학적 특성이 가장 우수하였다. 탄화 온도가 1200 °C인 C1200PA 샘플은 1 A g-1의 충방전속도에서 278.5 F g-1의 비정전용량을 나타내었고, 30 A g-1의 속도에서도 259.04 F g-1의 비정전용량을 나타내어 93 %의 용량 유지율을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 탄소나노섬유의 용도에 따라 제조 조건이 달라지며, 특히, 탄화 온도 및 시간의 세부적인 조건을 확인함으로써 에너지 저장 분야에서 전극 소재로 활용할 수 있는 잠재력을 확인하였다.
목차 (Table of Contents)
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