학습 및 기억에 대한 인지과학적 발견의 교육적 적용 = Educational Applications of Cognitive Sciences Discoveries about Learning/Memory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study used recent cognitive sciences discoveries and current educational theory and practice (1) to reconceptualize the interrelated phenomena of learning and memory, and (2) to suggest how to use such research studies to improve teaching and learning. Therefore, even though this study took advantage of the research results in the cognitive sciences, the basic focus of this study was on the educational theory and practice. Learning is the process of acquiring new information, and memory is our brain`s storehouse of acquired information. The study analyzed and synthesized the relevant cognitive sciences and education literature, and discovered the following. (1) Learning and memory emerge out of specific physical and chemical changes in brain networks. (2) Human memory can be functionally classified into sensory memory, short-term (or working) memory, and long-term memory. Long-term memory can be further classified into declarative (or factual)memory and procedural (or skill) memory. The study suggests five basic instructional practices that will enhance learning and memory: (1) Emphasize the basic content of each subject. (2) Use a variety of instructional strategies according to learning styles. (3) Use current knowledge of the hemispheric specializations in the cerebrum. (4) Stimulate student learning with a nurturing enriched environment. (5) Implement effective attention-getting strategies.