학생들의 자기효능감과 성취목표 형성에 영향을 미치는 교사의 말과 행동 = Teachers’ Comments and Behaviors that Influence Students’ Self-Efficacy and Achievement Goal Formation

국문 초록 (Abstract)

학생들의 동기에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 교사의 말과 행동에는 어떤 것들이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 서울 시내 여자 고등학교 학생 52명을 대상으로 반구조화 된 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 여러 동기 구인 중 특히 학생들의 적응적 학습과정 및 결과와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 알려진 자기효능감과 성 취목표를 중심으로 이들 동기구인에 영향을 미치는 교사의 구체적인 말과 행동이 무엇인지를 조사 하고, 기존 이론에서 설명하는 동기구인의 형성요인과 일치하는지를 확인하였다. 또한 학생들이 일 반적으로 선호하는 교사의 말과 행동에 대해 질문함으로써, 자기효능감과 성취목표에 영향을 미치는 교사의 말과 행동에 비해 어떤 차이점과 공통점을 지니는지 알아보았다. 학생들의 응답을 분석한 결 과, 각 동기구인의 형성과 관련된 교사의 구체적인 말과 행동은 해당 이론에서 주장하는 동기구인의 발생요인과 대체로 일치하였다. 학생들은 교사의 말과 행동 중 성적을 강조하거나, 차별대우, 상대적 비교, 처벌을 특히 싫어하였으며, 이들은 학생들의 자기효능감을 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 학생들로 하여 금 수행목표를 추구하게 만드는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 부정적인 동기를 유발시키는 교사의 말과 행동이 비교적 중복되는 반면, 자기효능감을 증진시키거나 숙달목표를 추구하게 만드는 등 긍정적인 동기를 유발시키는 교사의 말과 행동은 각 동기구인에 따라 조금씩 다른 양상을 보였다.

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