여대생의 대학 전공 계열 및 직업 선택에서의 특성복합체의 타당성 = Predictive validity of trait complexes on university major field and career choice

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine predictive validity of trait complexes suggested by Ackerman on university major field and career choice. Ackerman proposed 4 types of trait complexes(science-mathematics, intellectual-cultural, social, clerical-conventional), each of which was represented by commonalities among ability(intelligence), personality, and interest traits. To compute individual trait complexes scores, Gf and Gc ability tests, Big five personality inventory, and Holland vocational interest scale were administered to 185 female undergraduate students. Three important findings were obtained. First, regression analysis showed significant increments in the proportion of variance of career self-efficacy scores mainly because of ability and personality traits after the vocational interest traits had already been taken into account, indicating the usefulness of traits complexes.
Second, trait complexes tended to predict four broad university major fields choice well. Participants who majored in arts and humanities showed the highest intellectual/cultural trait complex scores. Participants who majored in physical sciences showed the highest science/mathematics trait complex scores. Participants who majored in social sciences and business showed the highest intellectual/cultural trait complex scores. These results were consistent with theoretical predictions. Third, four types of trait complexes tended to predict career choice of university students well: That is, those who reported occupations of language and art domains as their best-wish occupations showed the highest scores on intellectual-cultural trait complex. Those who reported occupations of science, medicine, and computer domains as their best-wish occupations showed the highest scores on science-mathematics trait complex. Those who reported occupations of education, social welfare, and business domains as their best-wish occupations showed the highest scores on social trait complex. Those who reported occupations of banker, secretary, public service personnel domains as their best-wish occupations showed the highest scores on clerical-conventional trait complex. These results were interpreted as indicating predictive validity of the trait complexes on career choice.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 Ackerman이 제안한 특성복합체 개념이 우리나라 여대생의 대학 전공 계열 선택과 직업 선택을 타당하게 예측할 수 있는지를 살펴보고자 한 것이다. Ackerman이 제안한 4개의 특성복합체(과학/수학, 이지/교양, 사회적 및 사무/관습 특성복합체)를 구하기 위해서 185명의 학생들에게 Gf와 Gc 요인을 포함하는 4종류의 지능검사, 5요인 성격검사, Holland의 직업흥미검사를 실시하였다. 그리고 특성복합체가 그들의 대학 전공 계열과 희망 직업을 어느 정도로 잘 예측하는지를 조사하기 위해서 대학의 전공 계열과 희망 직업군에 따라 특성복합체 점수를 구해 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, 다음과 같은 두 가지 사실을 밝혀냈다. 첫째, 각 전공 계열에서 4개의 특성복합체 중 가장 높은 점수를 기대한 특성복합체에서 가장 높은 점수가 나타났다. 즉 인문-예술 계열 학생들은 이지/교양 특성복합체에 가장 높은 점수를 나타냈고, 이과 계열 학생들은 과학/수학 특성복합체에, 사회과학 계열 학생들은 사회적 특성복합체에, 그리고 경상 계열 학생들 역시 사회적 특성복합체에 가장 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 둘째, 희망 직업군 분류에 따라 4개의 특성복합체 점수를 비교했을 때 각 희망 직업군에서 가장 높은 점수를 기대한 특성복합체에서 가장 높은 점수가 나타났다. 예를 들어 이지/교양 특성복합체 관련 직업(작가, 문학평론, 음악, 디자이너 등)을 희망한 학생들은 4가지 특성복합체 중 이지/교양 특성복합체에서 가장 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 이런 결과들은 이 연구에서 구한 특성복합체가 어느 정도로 대학생의 전공 계열과 직업 선택을 잘 예측해 줄 수 있음을 입증하는 것이었다. 논의 부분에서는 향후 과제로 성차 효과, 교과 성취를 위한 새로운 특성복합체 모형의 구성, 발달 연구, 특성복합체 구인의 심리측정학적 한계 등을 제시하였다.

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