완벽주의와 낙관주의가 학습동기와 학습전략에 미치는 영향 = The influence of perfectionism and optimism on learning motivation and learning strategy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is well known that learning motivation and learning strategy are important variables in education and learning. A few studies exist which deal with the relation between personality and learning strategy. In this study we focus on the personality such as perfectionism and optimism and study their effects on learning motivations and the use of learning strategies. This study was performed on 1,064 students in elementary, middle, and high schools in Seoul and Gyeongi area, using measurement instruments such as E-LOT, MPS, and MSLQ. Based on previous study results, a theoretical model was hypothesized for this study; self-oriented perfectionism and the optimism have influences on the use of learning strategy, mediated by learning motivation. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test goodness of fit of this model.
The results obtained from this study are as follows: First, perfectionism and optimism showed Pearson correlation r=.31 and were correlated with learning motivation and learning strategy. Secondly, the theoretical model showed excellent goodness of fit indices. Thirdly, perfectionism and the optimism had direct effects on the use of learning strategy as well as indirect effect mediated by learning motivation. This study explored whether male student and female students differ in the effects of perfectionism and the optimism on learning motivation and learning strategy. For the male students, both perfectionism and optimism had significant effects on learning strategy. For female students, only perfectionism showed a strong effect. This result demonstrates that the optimism is very important for a male student, whereas self-oriented perfectionism is crucial for the use of learning strategy for female student. Results in this study show students who have optimistic outlook and persue perfectness are highly motivated and use various learning strategies effectively and voluntarily.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

학습과 관련하여 성격은 심리적 안녕감이나 적응 등과 관련하여 주로 연구됨으로써 학습의 과정이나 결과와 어떻게 관련되어 있는지에 대해서는 충분한 정보를 주지 못하였다. 완벽주의와 낙관주의는 개인의 신념과 가치관을 포함하며 사회문화적 경험을 통해 형성된다는 점에서 학습하는 과정에 작용할 가능성이 높은 성격적 특성들이다. 본 연구는 완벽주의와 낙관주의에 중점을 두고 이들이 학습동기와 학습전략에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보는데 주목적을 두었다. 서울과 경기 지역 학생 1,064명이 참여하였으며 낙관주의, 완벽주의, 학습동기, 학습전략의 측정도구가 사용되었다. 성격적 특성이 학습동기 및 학습전략에 미치는 영향력은 구조방정식모형을 적용하여 검증하였다. 선행연구 결과들을 바탕으로 완벽주의와 낙관주의가 학습동기에 영향을 주고 다시 학습전략으로 연결되는 이론모형을 설정하고 확인한 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 완벽주의와 낙관주의는 학습동기 및 학습전략 하위차원 변인들과 유의한 상관을 보여주었다. 둘째, 완벽주의와 낙관주의가 학습전략에 영향을 미치는 관계에 학습동기가 매개할 것으로 가정하였던 이론모형이 우수한 적합도 지수들을 나타내었다. 셋째, 완벽주의와 낙관주의는 학습전략에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 동시에 학습동기를 통한 간접적인 방식으로도 작용하였다. 넷째, 본 연구의 모형은 남녀 모두에게 동일하게 적용 가능하지만 학습전략에 이르는 경로에서 남녀별로 다른 양상을 보여준다. 남학생의 경우 완벽주의와 낙관주의가, 여학생의 경우 완벽주의가 학습전략에 영향을 주는데 이는 남학생에게는 잘 할 수 있다는 희망이나 자신감과 같은 낙관주의가 중요한 특성인 반면 여학생에게는 과제를 완벽하게 수행하려는 성향이 중요함을 뜻한다.
본 연구 결과는 경쟁이 치열하고 성취에 대한 압력이 강한 우리나라 상황에서 낙관적인 조망을 가지고 자신의 노력으로 완벽함을 성취하려는 성격적 특성을 가진 학습자가 성취지향적인 동기를 가지고 학습전략을 효과적으로 구사함을 보여준다. 완벽주의와 낙관주의가 학습동기와 학습전략에 미치는 독자적인 영향력을 고려한다면 보다 낙관적인 분위기를 조성하려는 노력이 필요해 보인다.

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