The optimal time of starting complementary foods (CF) in infants remains a subject of debate. We evaluated the association between early CF introduction and 5-7 year old children being overweight or obese.
This retrospective population-based longitud...
The optimal time of starting complementary foods (CF) in infants remains a subject of debate. We evaluated the association between early CF introduction and 5-7 year old children being overweight or obese.
This retrospective population-based longitudinal cohort study included 917,707 children born in Korea during 2008-2009. Initial timing of CF introduction was obtained by questionnaires administered between 4-6 months and 9-12 months of age. The cohort comprised 154,565 eligible individuals who properly completed the screening program including structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and physical examinations. To balance baseline characteristics, propensity score matching was conducted on 95 covariates including indicators of baseline health including perinatal condition, birthweight, economic status, clinical disease and drug exposure. Exposure was defined as early introduction to CF at age <4 months, and outcomes were overweight and obesity at ages 5-7 years.
Of 154,565 eligible children in the observed cohort, 10,499 (6.8%) were introduced to CF at age <4 months and 144,066 (93.2%) at age ≥4 months. Propensity score matching yielded 9,095 children introduced to CF at age <4 months and 33,539 at age ≥4 months. Those who started CF at <4 months were more tend to be overweight at 5-7 years compared to those who started at ≥4 months (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.09). Such association was observed for being obese at 5-7 years (aRR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05–1.19).
In conclusion, early CF introduction before 4 months of age was associated with children being both overweight and obesity at age 5-7 years.