해외에서 정보수집 목적을 위한 영장주의 예외 적용 - Bin Laden 사건에 대한 미국 법집행 및 정보기관의 활동을 중심으로 - = Warrant Requirement Rule's Exceptional Application for the Purpose of Foreign Intelligene Search - U.S. Law Enforcement and Intelligence Officer's Surveillance and Search Power without Warrant in the Bin Laden Case -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

"미국의 형사소송절차에서 피의자의 체포 및 증거물에 대한 수색 및 압수는 매우 중요한 부분이다. 미국 형사사법 체계 내에서 각각의 당사자들은 다양한 법률과 규정에 의하여 규율되고 있는 바, 가장 상위의 규정들은 연방수정헌법 제4조, 제5조, 제6조, 제8조 및 제14조 등이다. 이 규정들은 범죄혐의를 받고 있는 者에 대한 법집행관들의 권한을 제한하고, 형사사건에 대한 재판절차를 규율한다.
이 중 ‘수정헌법 제4조’에 따르면, 외국에서 단독으로 혹은 독립적으로 활동 중인 미국의 법집행관들이 외국에서 증거를 수집했을 때, “일반적으로 증거수집을 위한 국외의 압수절차에는 미국의 법적 기준들(헌법 등)이 적용되지 않는다. 외국에서는 당해 외국정부가 독자적으로 수사를 실행하고, 취득된 증거물이 후일 미국 법원에 제출될 수 있다”라고 하면서, 외국에서 미국 법집행관 및 정보요원들의 활동에는 일정한 한계가 있음을 지적하고 있다.
특히 테러리스트와 관련된 범죄수사는 미국 헌법의 기본권규정들과 조화를 맞춰가면서 진행되어야 할 상황에 놓여있다. 이에 본연구에서는 해외에 거주하는 미국시민들과 외국인에 대한 법집행의 일환으로서, 증거수집차원의 수색과 압수 혹은 도청 등 수사활동/정보수집이 실행된 후, 수집된 증거들이 미국법정에서 피고인에 대한 유죄입증의 자료로 허용될 것인 지 여부에 대한 미국 내 논의들(영장주의 요구 등)을 중심으로 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 특히 수정헌법 제4조 조항이 적용될 것인가의 논의가 핵심이 될 것이다."

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

"In criminal procedure of United States, the search and seizure procedures for suspects' arrests and evidence is very important part. Each party in the U.S. criminal justice system is governed by various laws and regulations, the highest regulations are the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and 14th amendment. These regulations restrict law enforcement officials' authority to the suspect, and regulate the judicial proceedings for criminal cases.
According to the 4th Amendment, when U.S. law enforcement and intelligence officers are acting alone or independently in a foreign country collect evidence, “typically, U.S. legal standards do not apply to overseas seizure procedures for collecting evidence.” By saying ""competent foreign governments conduct their own investigations and acquire evidence that will later be submitted to U.S. courts"", pointing out that there is a certain limit to the activities of U.S. law enforcement and intelligence officers in foreign countries. In particular, criminal investigations and foreign intelligence searches involving terrorists are in a position to be carried out in harmony with the Bill of Right and other rules of the U.S. Constitution.
Therefore, this study seeks to determine on whether evidence collected after proceeding search for evidence and foreign information collection will be allowed in U. S. court to verify accused’s guilt based on discussions in United States(such as warrant requirement) as part of law enforcement against American citizens living abroad and foreigners. In particular, the applicability of Fourth Amendment clause will be the main discussion. "

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