수요 기반 지표를 활용한 대중교통 노선 중복성 평가: 스마트카드 데이터 기반 수도권 사례 연구 = Evaluating Multimodal Transit Route Redundancy Using Demand-based Measures: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Using Smart Card Data

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Evaluating transit route redundancy is critical for optimizing public transportation, especially in metropolitan areas with multiple transport modes. Traditional methods primarily rely on geographical overlap and often overlook user demand and travel behavior, which limits their ability to capture functional service redundancy. This study addresses these limitations through a demand-based methodology utilizing smart card data and bus management system (BMS) data. A case study in Seoul, South Korea analyzes 348 bus lines, introducing station- and trip-based redundancy metrics to more comprehensively reflect user travel patterns. The analysis found that 34.8% of the routes exhibited insufficient demand in redundant sections. Using the importance- performance quadrant analysis (IPA), 14 bus lines with high redundancy and low demand were identified as requiring adjustment. The comparative study demonstrated that conventional methods overestimate redundancy by focusing solely on geographical overlap, while the proposed approach offers a more practical assessment by integrating passenger demand and operational characteristics. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in identifying unnecessary redundancies, enabling policymakers to optimize resource allocation and operational efficiency. This approach is especially valuable for adjusting existing routes and planning new ones in response to changing urban mobility patterns. By addressing the shortcomings of traditional evaluations, this study offers a robust framework for improving the efficiency and sustainability of public transport networks in metropolitan areas.