(The)politics of oligarchy : institutional choice in imperial Japan

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of tables and figure = xii
• Series editors' preface = xv
• Acknowledgements = xvii
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
• Background = 1
• The puzzle = 1
• This project = 4
• The argument = 6
• The internal logic to oligarchies = 6
• Bureaucrats, judges, and the military = 9
• Regulatory consequences = 11
• The project = 14
• CHAPTER 2 THE COLLAPSE OF OLIGARCHY : FAILED ATTEMPTS AT CARTEL-MAINTENANCE
• Introduction = 15
• The cast of characters = 16
• Introduction = 16
• The historical context = 18
• The oligarchs = 18
• The first attempts at institutional design = 19
• Resistance to central control = 20
• The first institutions = 21
• The demise of oligarchy = 25
• Conclusion = 28
• CHAPTER 3 CONCESSION OR FACADE : THE MEIJI CONSTITUTION
• Introduction = 29
• The road to the Constitution = 30
• The Diet under the Constitution = 33
• Rule-making under the Constitution = 34
• Explaining power-sharing = 37
• Conclusion = 39
• CHAPTER 4 ELECTORAL RULES AND PARTY COMPETITION : THE STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL SURVIVAL
• Introduction = 41
• The initial rules = 42
• The first Elections Act = 42
• Multi-member districts and the SNTV = 44
• A return to single-member districts = 46
• The road to universal suffrage = 47
• Back to multi-member districts = 49
• The political logic of multi-member districts = 51
• Elections under SNTV, MMD rules = 53
• Conclusion = 54
• CHAPTER 5 THE BUREAUCRACY : WHO RULED WHOM?
• Introduction = 56
• Politicians and bureaucrats : A principal-agent analysis = 57
• Bureaucrats and politicians in pre-war Japan = 60
• The bureaucracy : Whose servant? = 61
• The empirical record on bureaucratic advancement = 62
• Evidence from bureaucratic rosters = 63
• Self-reported evidence = 70
• Conclusion = 73
• CHAPTER 6 THE COURTS : WHO MONITORED WHOM?
• Introduction = 74
• The institutional structure = 75
• The pre-constitutional equilibrium = 75
• The constitutional equilibrium = 75
• Oligarchic manipulation = 76
• Kojima and the oligarchs = 76
• Chiya and the oligarchs = 78
• Bessho and the oligarchs = 78
• Why the oligarchs fired judges = 79
• How the oligarchs fired judges = 80
• Politicians and judicial independence = 81
• Political manipulation = 82
• The oligarchic bequest = 82
• Pre-Inukai = 82
• Inukai = 86
• A positive theory of judicial independence = 87
• Judges and bureaucrats = 88
• Conclusion = 89
• CHAPTER 7 THE MILITARY : MASTER OF ITS OWN FATE
• Introduction = 90
• Early conflicts = 91
• The Yamagata reforms = 92
• Independent command = 92
• Active-duty requirement = 93
• Military orders = 93
• The result = 94
• Aggregate data = 95
• The military in politics = 95
• Cabinets = 95
• The London Naval Treaty = 95
• The Manchurian incident = 99
• Ugaki Kazushige = 99
• Military coordination = 100
• The strategic gamble = 101
• Conclusion = 102
• CHAPTER 8 FINANCIAL POLITICS
• Introduction = 103
• Early banking regulation = 104
• The Banking Act of 1927 = 106
• The financial panic of 1927 = 110
• The gold standard as political instrument = 114
• Conclusion = 117
• CHAPTER 9 RAILROAD POLITICS
• Introduction = 118
• Meiji railroads = 120
• The national railroads = 120
• The private railroads = 120
• Nationalization = 123
• Travel subsidies = 125
• Procurement = 129
• Taish$$\bar o$$-Sh$$\bar o$$wa railroads = 130
• The national railroads = 130
• The private railroads = 132
• Conclusion = 134
• CHAPTER 10 COTTON POLITICS
• Introduction = 135
• The industry = 136
• Early growth = 136
• Economies of scale = 137
• The weaving cartels = 139
• The shape of the cartels = 139
• Money and elections = 141
• The spinning cartel = 143
• The cartel = 143
• Political quiescence among the spinning firms = 145
• The 1931 Control Act = 147
• The Factory Act = 149
• Introduction = 149
• The statute as cartel = 150
• The statute as intra-industry strategy = 151
• The statute as animus = 153
• The statute as electoral strategy = 153
• Conclusion = 157
• CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION : INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICAL CONTROL
• Introduction = 160
• The myth of efficient institutions = 161
• Where do institutions come from? = 162
• When do institutions matter? = 165
• Which institutions, when? = 166
• The myth of bureaucratic autonomy = 166
• Bureaucratic subservience = 166
• Judicial subservience = 169
• Military independence = 170
• Questioning the late-development hypothesis = 171
• Conclusion = 172
• Notes = 173
• References = 201
• Index = 219