다시, 서발턴은 누구/무엇인가?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Among postcolonial historians and critics, there has been debate over the concept of '(the) subaltern' which Antonio Gramsci had endowed with a specifically strategic and theoretical meaning. Ranajit Guha says that 'subaltern' is a name for the general attitude of subordination, while he gives a definition of the subaltern, the main features of which is the identification of the subaltern with the category of the people. But Gayatri Spivak and John Beverley assert that Guha's definition slides into a sort of essentialism, criticizing his logic to be necessarily binary in that it presupposes a divided structure of elite/subaltern or dominance/subordination. Yet Guha does not conceives the subaltern as coherent, homogeneous subjects outside the relationship of power. As Beverley himself puts it, when Guha says the terms 'subaltern' and 'people' are synonymous, he seems to imply that the people are heterogeneous as the people-as-(the) subaltern. So, though Guha and Spivak disagree outwardly, they share a view that the identity of the subaltern is discovered in difference. Subaltern difference by which they mean is recalcitrant otherness or resistance to hegemonic dominance without being consolidated into it.
However, so far as the representation of the subaltern is concerned, Guha and Spivak seems to be in a sort of puzzled tension. Guha, who does not abandon the idea of binary antagonism as the articulating principle of the subaltern identity, tries to retrieve the subaltern as the subjects of making historical changes. But, Spivak argues that the subaltern always slide under or away from representation and are beyond the possibility of representation because by emerging into representation they lose the character of subalternity. So she articulates the subaltern as absolute, impossible limit to historical narrative.
Beverley reads two rather different political agendas from their different positions. He understands Guha's position as an attempt to constitute a potentially hegemonic political-cultural popular bloc, that is, a new form of hegemony from below. And he interprets Spivak's position as a political perspective for the new grassroots resistance at a sub-or supranational level.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 서발턴 집단 : 종속과 자율
• Ⅲ. “서발턴으로서의-민중”과 엘리트
• Ⅳ. ‘차이의 기호’로서의 서발턴
• Ⅴ. ‘재현 (불)가능한’ 주체로서의 서발턴
• Ⅵ. 맺음말
• 〈Abstract〉

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