On the Usage of Marginal Modals Among the EFL Learners in Korea and Japan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The English modal verbs have been undergoing constant change since the Old English period and recent research suggests that being frequently served as a counterpoint to conservative British English, American English is leading the change in English modal system. This study focuses on the usage of marginal modals which involve dare, need, ought and used to among the EFL learners in two Expanding Circle countries, Korea and Japan. The study aims to investigate the relative popularity of divided usage of the lexical and auxiliary variants of each marginal modal among the EFL learners and compare the results with the data from other varieties of English used in Australia and Hong Kong which usage patterns are aligned with those of the traditionally recognized main standard varieties, American English and British English. This study notes there is a strong tendency for English marginal modals among the EFL learners in Korea and Japan to favour the lexical variants and their use of these words shares patterning with American English.

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