시민윤리로서 피해자 중심 윤리의 적합성과 그 시민교육적 함의 = The Appropriateness of Victim-centered Ethics and Its Implications for Citizenship Education

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Moral problems in modern society are giving rise to a lot of suffering, but there has scarcely been appropriate moral prescription for them. Ethical theories in modern age have been oriented toward ‘agent-centered`. These views presupposes basic trust in moral subjects and absolute reason, and accordingly, in individual freedom and its ability for correct moral judgment. Here, rightness and wrongness of an action is decided by whether or not it accords with given moral principles and subject`s rational judgment, not by whether or not it has inflicted any harm to others. Ethics, by definition, should be interested in reducing the suffering of the weak or the victims and, thus, decreasing injustice. The agent-centered ethics, however, pays more attention to the process of moral judgment than to the consequences of actions, and thereby neglects the suffering and injustice afflicted upon the victims. Also, apart from concrete socio-cultural context, it is difficult to find right references appropriate for correct moral judgments. Another weakness of agent-centered ethics is that by emphasizing the importance of rationality, a few elites assume morally superior position to the mass or victims. Also, it can cause several problems when it is applied in citizenship education. In order to supplement these shortcomings, more attention should be paid to the `suffering others` or victims. This emphasis is based on the Levinas` `other-centered` ethics. He characterizes the existing agent-centered ethics as violent and imperialistic one dominating others. He wants to re-establish the relationship with others and emphasizes infinite responsibility for others. The present `victim-centered` ethics is one that concretizes Levinas` metaphysical and sometimes religious other-centered ethics so that it may be more relevant to modern civil society. It shifts attention from `abstract or absolute other` to the facts of how much a `concrete victim` suffers for what reason and of what kind of help he needs. This is appropriate to care for those who suffers from the various negative consequences arising on the course of the development of modern civil society. It is also expected that this view may help motivating us to do moral actions by raising the problem of suffering that all men, in general, undergo. And it coincides with the essentials of ethics which pursue the establishment of justice. If this view is applied to citizenship education. it will be able to help cultivating the moral dimension of citizenship.

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