열수 전처리에 따른 톨페스큐와 옥수수 사일리지의 영양적 가치와 in vitro 발효특성에 미치는 영향

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 열수 전처리에 따른 사료의 영양소 함량과 반추위내 발효특성의 변화를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 본 시험은 2(대조구 또는 열수 전처리)×2(건초; 톨페스큐 또는 사일리지; 옥수수)의 요인설계를 통해 실시하였다. 열수 전처리는 사료에 물을 20% w/v 수준하고, 멸균기를 이용하여 열처리를 20분간 실시하였다(121℃, 0.12 MPa). 제조된 시험사료는 in vitro 배양 시험을 통해 39℃에서 24시간 및 48시간동안 배양하였다. 연구결과, 열수 전처리 후 ADF의 함량은 조사료 종류에 구분없이 모두 유의적으로 증가하였다. In vitro 24시간 배양 후 total VFA는 조사료 종류에 관계없이 열수 전처리 후에 함량이 유의적으로 낮았으며(p ≤ 0.05), Propionate 함량은 열수 전처리된 옥수수 사일리지에서 옥수수 사일리지 보다 유의적으로 증가하였다(18.9 vs. 26.6%; p ≤ 0.05). In vitro 48시간 배양 후에는 옥수수 사일리지에서 열수 천처리에 의해 propionate 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p ≤ 0.05), Butyrate 함량은 유의적으로 감소하였다(p ≤ 0.05). 건물과 NDF 소화율의 경우에는 조사료 종류에 관계없이 열수 전처리에 의한 변화가 없었다(p > 0.05). 따라서 열수 전처리된 옥수수 사일리지를 이용할 시 반추동물의 에너지원 공급에 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the effects of a hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) on the nutritional values and in vitro fermentation characteristics of tall fescue and corn silage. This study was conducted through a factorial design of 2 (control or HP) x 2 (hay; tall fescue or silage; corn). For the HP, forage was placed into a glass bottle with 20% w/v of water, and the glass bottle was sealed and heated to reach a temperature of 121°C (0.12 MPa). The solid residue and liquid were collected and oven-dried at 65°C for three days. The dried materials were tested for in vitro fermentation at 39℃ for 24 and 48 h. The content of ADF increased significantly regardless of the forage type. After in vitro incubation for 24 h, the total VFA content was significantly lower after HP, regardless of the forage type (p ≤ 0.05), and the propionate concentration was increased in corn silage with HP (p ≤ 0.05). After 48 hours of in vitro incubation, the propionate content increased significantly (p ≤ 0.03) in corn silage with HP (p ≤ 0.05), but the butyrate content decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). There was no change in the in vitro dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility by HP regardless of the forage type. Therefore, the use of hydrothermally pretreated corn silage could be advantageous for the supply of energy for ruminants.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• Abstract
• 1. 서론
• 2. 재료 및 방법
• 3. 결과 및 고찰
• 4. 결론
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 M. E. Gonzalez, "Thermal, high pressure, and electric field processing effects on plant cell membrane integrity and relevance to fruit and vegetable quality" 75 (75): R121-R130, 2010

2 P. N. Hobson, "The rumen microbial ecosystem" Springer Science & Business Media 2012

3 A. T. Adesogan, "The influence of treatment with dual purpose bacterial inoculants or soluble carbohydrates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of bermudagrass" 87 (87): 3407-3416, 2004

4 M. Li, "The effect of liquid hot water pretreatment on the chemical–structural alteration and the reduced recalcitrance in poplar" 10 (10): 1-13, 2017

5 S. T. Bate, "The design and statistical analysis of animal experiments" Cambridge University Press 2014

6 A. T. Adesogan, "Symposium review : Technologies for improving fiber utilization" 102 (102): 5726-5755, 2019

7 L. R. Howard, "Steam treatment of minimally processed carrot sticks to control surface discoloration" 59 (59): 356-358, 1994

8 S. Zhao, "Steam explosion enhances digestibility and fermentation of corn stover by facilitating ruminal microbial colonization" 253 : 244-251, 2018

9 J. Cohen, "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences New York" NY Academic 1988

10 SAS Institute Inc., "SAS/STAT user’s guide: Version 9"

11 D. I. Demeyer, "Rumen microbes and digestion of plant cell walls" 6 (6): 295-337, 1981

12 J. X. Liu, "Optimization of steam treatment as a method for upgrading rice straw as feeds" 76 (76): 345-357, 1999

13 AOAC, "Official methods of analysis" Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990

14 S. K. Chikagwa-Malunga, "Nutritional characterization of Mucuna pruriens: 3. Effect of replacing soybean meal with Mucuna on intake, digestibility, N balance and microbial protein synthesis in sheep" 148 (148): 107-123, 2009

15 A. L. Chaney, "Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia" 8 (8): 130-132, 1962

16 P. J. Van Soest, "Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition" 74 (74): 3583-3597, 1991

17 K. M. Llano, "Mechanical and biochemical response of kiwifruit tissue to steam blanching" 36 (36): 767-775, 2003

18 X. M. Zhang, "Liquid hot water treatment of rice straw enhances anaerobic degradation and inhibits methane production during in vitro ruminal fermentation" 103 (103): 4252-4261, 2020

19 A. T. Adesogan, "Improving forage quality and animal performance with fibrolytic enzymes" 2005

20 A. Sikora, "Impact of thermal modification on color and chemical changes of spruce and oak wood" 64 (64): 406-416, 2018

21 Y. Qiang, "Hemicellulose and lignin removal to improve the enzymatic digestibility and ethanol production" 94 : 105-109, 2016

22 C. S. Stewart, "Factors affecting the cellulolytic activity of rumen contents" 33 (33): 497-502, 1977

23 G. A. Broderick, "Effect of steam heating alfalfa hay on utilization by lactating dairy cows" 76 (76): 165-174, 1993

24 E. R. Ørskov, "Effect of processing of cereals on rumen fermentation, digestibility, rumination time, and firmness of subcutaneous fat in lambs" 32 (32): 59-69, 1974

25 X. Chen, "Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the structural changes of alkaline ethanol lignin from wheat straw" 6 : 39354-, 2016

26 D. V. Rangnekar, "Effect of high-pressure steam treatment on chemical composition and digestibility in vitro of roughages" 7 (7): 61-70, 1982

27 A. De. Roeck, "Effect of high pressure/high temperature processing on cell wall pectic substances in relation to firmness of carrot tissue" 107 (107): 1225-1235, 2008

28 W. H. Hoover, "Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion" 69 (69): 2755-2766, 1986

29 P. J. Van Soest, "Chemical and physical properties of dietary fibre" 1976

30 J. W. M. Beuvink, "An automated method for measuring time-course of gas production of feedstuffs incubated with buffered rumen fluid" 40 (40): 401-407, 1992

31 M. K. Theodorou, "A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds" 48 (48): 185-197, 1994

32 I. McDonald, "A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen" 96 (96): 251-252, 1981

33 S. J. Krizsan, "A meta-analysis of passage rate estimated by rumen evacuation with cattle and evaluation of passage rate prediction models" 93 (93): 5890-5901, 2010