Contemporary labor economics

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = xv
• 1 Labor Economics: Introduction and Overview = 1
• LABOR ECONOMICS AS A DISCIPLINE = 1
• THE "OLD" AND THE "NEW" = 3
• ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE = 4
• OVERVIEW = 6
• WORLD OF WORK 1-1: GARY BECKER, NOBEL LAUREATE = 6
• PAYOFFS = 10
• WORLD OF WORK 1-2: LOTTO WINNERS: WHO QUIT? = 11
• 2 The Theory of Individual Labor Supply = 14
• THE WORK-LEISURE DECISION: BASIC MODEL = 15
• WORLD OF WORK 2-1: SLEEP TIME LINKED TO EARNINGS = 30
• APPLYING AND EXTENDING THE MODEL = 32
• WORLD OF WORK 2-2: THE CARNEGIE CONJECTURE = 36
• WORLD OF WORK 2-3: MOONLIGHTING IS ON THE RISE = 38
• WORLD OF WORK 2-4: THE END OF WELFARE AS AN ENTITLEMENT = 44
• 3 Population, Participation Rates, and Hours of Work = 52
• THE POPULATION BASE = 53
• BECKER'S MODEL: THE ALLOCATION OF TIME = 54
• WORLD OF WORK 3-1: THE CHANGING FACE OF AMERICA = 55
• PARTICIPATION RATES: DEFINED AND MEASURED = 60
• SECULAR TREND OF PARTICIPATION RATES = 61
• WORLD OF WORK 3-2: WORKING FOR FREE = 61
• WORLD OF WORK 3-3: DOES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE INDUCE EARLY RETIREMENT? = 65
• WORLD OF WORK 3-4: ECONOMICS AND FERTILITY = 70
• WORLD OF WORK 3-5: FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 = 74
• CYCLICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPATION RATES = 76
• HOURS OF WORK: TWO TRENDS = 79
• 4 Labor Quality: Investing in Human Capital = 86
• INVESTMENT IN HUMAN CAPITAL: CONCEPT AND DATA = 87
• THE HUMAN CAPITAL MODEL = 89
• WORLD OF WORK 4-1: TWINS, EDUCATION, AND EARNINGS = 97
• WORLD OF WORK 4-2: HIGHER EDUCATION: MAKING THE RIGHT CHOICES = 101
• HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS = 104
• ON-THE-JOB TRAINING = 111
• CRITICISMS OF HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY = 117
• WORLD OF WORK 4-3: JOB TRAINING: LESSONS FROM GERMANY? = 118
• WORLD OF WORK 4-4: THE RADICAL CRITIQUE OF HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY = 122
• 5 The Demand for Labor = 127
• DERIVED DEMAND FOR LABOR = 128
• A FIRM'S SHORT-RUN PRODUCTION FUNCTION = 129
• SHORT-RUN DEMAND FOR LABOR: THE PERFECTLY COMPETITIVE SELLER = 133
• SHORT-RUN DEMAND FOR LABOR: THE IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE SELLER = 136
• THE LONG-RUN DEMAND FOR LABOR = 139
• THE MARKET DEMAND FOR LABOR = 142
• ELASTICITY OF LABOR DEMAND = 144
• WORLD OF WORK 5-1: COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND THE DEMAND FOR LABOR = 145
• DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR LABOR = 151
• REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS = 155
• WORLD OF WORK 5-2: THE RISING DEMAND FOR CONTINGENT WORKERS = 156
• WORLD OF WORK 5-3: ARE FEARS OF DOWNSIZING OVERBLOWN? = 157
• 6 Wage Determination and the Allocation of Labor = 168
• THEORY OF A PERFECTLY COMPETITIVE LABOR MARKET = 169
• WORLD OF WORK 6-1: THE STAGNATION OF REAL EARNINGS, 1979-97 = 174
• WAGE AND EMPLOYMENT DETERMINATION: MONOPOLY IN THE PRODUCT MARKET = 178
• MONOPSONY = 180
• WORLD OF WORK 6-2: ARE CHIEF EXECUTIVES OVERPAID? = 181
• UNIONS AND WAGE DETERMINATION = 185
• WORLD OF WORK 6-3: PAY AND PERFORMANCE IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL = 185
• WORLD OF WORK 6-4: INFLUENCING THE DEMAND FOR LABOR: UNIONS AND MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURES = 188
• BILATERAL MONOPOLY = 194
• WORLD OF WORK 6-5: HAS DEUNIONIZATION INCREASED EARNINGS INEQUALITY? = 195
• WAGE DETERMINATION: DELAYED SUPPLY RESPONSES = 198
• WORLD OF WORK 6-6: NAFTA AND AMERICAN LABOR = 199
• 7 Alternative Pay Schemes and Labor Efficiency = 207
• ECONOMICS OF FRINGE BENEFITS = 208
• THEORY OF OPTIMAL FRINGE BENEFITS = 210
• WORLD OF WORK 7-1: DOES HEALTH INSURANCE CAUSE "JOB LOCK'? = 217
• THE PRINCIPAL-AGENT PROBLEM = 218
• WORLD OF WORK 7-2: THE FALL IN PRIVATE-SECTOR PENSION COVERAGE AMONG MEN = 219
• PAY FOR PERFORMANCE = 220
• WORLD OF WORK 7-3: PRINCIPALS AND AGENTS: "SOLUTIONS" AS PROBLEMS = 221
• WORLD OF WORK 7-4: WHY IS THERE ACADEMIC TENURE? = 223
• EFFICIENCY WAGE PAYMENTS = 230
• WORLD OF WORK 7-5: THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY'S S5 PER DAY WAGE = 233
• DEFERRED PAYMENT SCHEMES = 235
• LABOR MARKET EFFICIENCY REVISITED = 239
• 8 The Wage Structure = 243
• PERFECT COMPETITION: HOMOGENEOUS WORKERS AND JOBS = 244
• THE WAGE STRUCTURE: OBSERVED DIFFERENTIAL = 245
• WAGE DIFFERENTIALS: HETEROGENEOUS JOBS = 248
• WORLD OF WORK 8-1: WAGE INEQUALITY AND SKILL-BIASED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE = 254
• WAGE DIFFERENTIALS: HETEROGENEOUS WORKERS = 257
• WORLD OF WORK 8-2: SMOKING IS BAD FOR YOUR FINANCIAL HEALTH = 260
• THE HEDONIC THEORY OF WAGES = 260
• WORLD OF WORK 8-3: WAGE DIFFERENTIALS: MARRIED VERSUS SINGLE MALES = 261
• WORLD OF WORK 8-4: COMPENSATING PAY FOR SHIFT WORK = 265
• WAGE DIFFERENTIALS: LABOR MARKET IMPERFECTIONS = 267
• WORLD OF WORK 8-5: PLACING A VALUE ON HUMAN LIFE = 268
• 9 Mobility, Migration, and Efficiency = 275
• TYPES OF LABOR MOBILITY = 276
• MIGRATION AS AN INVESTMENT IN HUMAN CAPITAL = 277
• WORLD OF WORK 9-1: DETERMINANTS OF OCCUPATIONAL TENURE = 278
• THE DETERMINANTS OF MIGRATION: A CLOSER LOOK = 279
• THE CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION = 283
• CAPITAL AND PRODUCT FLOWS = 293
• U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY AND ISSUES = 295
• WORLD OF WORK 9-2: THE MEXICAN MAQUILADORAS = 296
• 10 Labor Unions and Collective Bargaining = 304
• WHY UNIONS? = 305
• LABOR UNIONISM: FACTS AND FIGURES = 305
• UNIONISM'S DECLINE = 314
• WORLD OF WORK 10-1: SHOULD THE RIGHT TO HIRE PERMANENT STRIKEBREAKERS BE RESCINDED? = 319
• WORLD OF WORK 10-2: REVITALIZATION OF UNIONS? = 320
• WORLD OF WORK 10-3: UNIONISM'S DECLINE: UNIQUE TO THE UNITED STATES? = 322
• ARE UNIONS MAXIMIZERS? = 323
• COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: A COMPLEX TRANSACTION = 327
• A MODEL OF THE BARGAINING PROCESS = 329
• WORLD OF WORK 10-4: AND FINALLY THE CONTRACT WAS SIGNED! = 335
• 11 The Economic Impact of Unions = 341
• THE UNION WAGE ADVANTAGE = 341
• WORLD OF WORK 11-1: TWO-TIER WAGE SYSTEMS = 350
• WORLD OF WORK 11-2: THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION ON THE UNION WAGE ADVANTAGE = 351
• EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY = 353
• WORLD OF WORK 11-3: THE IMPACT OF A STRIKE ON OTHER WORKERS = 358
• WORLD OF WORK 11-4: THE EFFECTS OF TEACHER UNIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY = 364
• FIRM PROFITABILITY = 365
• DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS = 366
• OTHER ISSUES: INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND INCOME SHARES = 370
• 12 Government and the Labor Market: Employment, Expenditures, and Taxation = 375
• PUBLIC-SECTOR EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES = 375
• WORLD OF WORK 12-1: WHAT DO GOVERNMENT WORKERS DO? = 377
• WORLD OF WORK 12-2: THE 10 MOST UNUSUAL FEDERAL JOBS = 379
• THE MILITARY SECTOR: THE DRAFT VERSUS THE VOLUNTARY ARMY = 381
• WORLD OF WORK 12-3: PUBLIC-SECTOR UNIONS: ARE THEY UNIQUE? = 382
• NONPAYROLL SPENDING BY GOVERNMENT: IMPACT ON LABOR = 386
• WORLD OF WORK 12-4: THE EFFECT OF RETENTION BONUSES ON REENLISTMENT IN THE U.S. ARMY = 386
• LABOR MARKET EFFECTS OF PUBLICLY PROVIDED GOODS AND SERVICES = 388
• INCOME TAXATION AND THE LABOR MARKET = 391
• WORLD OF WORK 12-5: WHO PAYS THE SOCIAL SECURITY PAYROLL TAX? = 398
• 13 Government and the Labor Market: Legislation and Regulation = 402
• LABOR LAW = 402
• MINIMUM-WAGE LAW = 407
• WORLD OF WORK 13-1: SURPRISING NEW FINDINGS ON THE MINIMUM WAGE = 416
• OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATION = 418
• WORLD OF WORK 13-2: DO COMPUTERS EXPAND JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEOPLE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURIES? = 422
• WORLD OF WORK 13-3: THE EFFECT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION ON JOB SAFETY = 426
• GOVERNMENT AS RENT PROVIDER = 427
• WORLD OF WORK 13-4: TURF WARS = 432
• 14 Theories of Labor Market Discrimination = 436
• DISCRIMINATION AND ITS DIMENSIONS = 437
• WORLD OF WORK 14-1: SEXUAL HARASSMENT GLOBAL PROBLEM = 437
• WORLD OF WORK 14-2: IT PAYS TO BE GOOD-LOOKING = 439
• TASTE-FOR-DISCRIMINATION MODEL = 440
• MARKET POWER: THE MONOPSONY MODEL = 444
• THEORY OF STATISTICAL DISCRIMINATION = 448
• THE CROWDING MODEL: OCCUPATIONAL SEGREGATION = 450
• WORLD OF WORK 14-3: JOHN S. MILL AND HARRIET TAYLOR MILL ON OCCUPATIONAL SEGREGATION = 453
• WORLD OF WORK 14-4: WOMEN'S ENTRY INTO SELECTED PROFESSIONS = 456
• 15 Women, Blacks, and the Labor Market = 459
• GENDER AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES = 459
• WORLD OF WORK 15-1: THE GENDER PAY GAP: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON = 461
• WORLD OF WORK 15-2: DISCRIMINATION IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS = 466
• CAUSE AND EFFECT: NONDISCRIMINATORY FACTORS = 467
• WORLD OF WORK 15-3: WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT: A "MOMMY TRACK"? = 470
• ANTIDISCRIMINATION POLICIES AND ISSUES = 474
• 16 Job Search: External and Internal = 486
• EXTERNAL JOB SEARCH = 487
• WORLD OF WORK 16-1: HOW DO THE UNEMPLOYED SEARCH FOR WORK? = 490
• INTERNAL LABOR MARKETS = 494
• WORLD OF WORK 16-2: LONG-TERM JOBS IN THE U.S. ECONOMY = 496
• 17 The Personal Distribution of Earnings = 506
• DESCRIBING THE DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS = 506
• EXPLAINING THE DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS = 511
• MOBILITY WITHIN THE EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION = 519
• WORLD OF WORK 17-1: ARE EARNINGS BECOMING LESS STABLE? = 520
• RISING EARNINGS INEQUALITY = 522
• WORLD OF WORK 17-2: GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND THE EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION = 523
• 18 Labor Productivity: Wages, Prices, and Employment = 531
• THE PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPT = 531
• IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES = 535
• LONG-RUN TREND OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY = 539
• CYCLICAL CHANGES IN PRODUCTIVITY = 544
• PRODUCTIVITY AND EMPLOYMENT = 548
• THE PRODUCTIVITY SLOWDOWN = 554
• WORLD OF WORK 18-1: IS PUBLIC CAPITAL PRODUCTIVE? = 558
• WORLD OF WORK 18-2: SERVICES AND PRODUCTIVITY = 560
• 19 Employment and Unemployment = 564
• EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS = 565
• MACROECONOMIC OUTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT DETERMINATION = 571
• FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT = 575
• STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT = 576
• WORLD OF WORK 19-1: ADVANCED NOTIFICATION OF PLANT CLOSURE OR SIZABLE DISMISSAL = 579
• DEMAND-DEFICIENT UNEMPLOYMENT = 579
• THE DISTRIBUTION OF UNEMPLOYMENT = 582
• WORLD OF WORK 19-2: THE SHARE ECONOMY = 583
• REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT: PUBLIC POLICIES = 586
• Appendix Information Sources in Labor Economics = 593
• SOURCES OF LABOR STATISTICS = 593
• APPLICATIONS, NEW THEORIES, EMERGING EVIDENCE = 601
• TEXTBOOKS AND RESEARCH SURVEYS = 606
• GLOSSARY = 609
• ANSWERS TO "YOUR TURN" QUESTIONS = 625
• INDEXES
• AUTHOR INDEX = 629
• SUBJECT INDEX = 635