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      모바일 기기의 사용자 인터페이스 설계 도구로서 Trajectory Mapping 방법에 관한 연구 = A Study of Trajectory Mapping Method as a User Interface Design Tool for Mobile Devices

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A60213536

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      In mobile device's user interface, menu organization is very important as well as menu structure because small display of mobile device. Menu items should be organized based on user knowledge structure to design user-centered interface. Traditionally, MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) have been most often used to expose users' perceived organization of menu items. But, information that MDS reveals is just relative spatial location of concepts and not relevant to concepts connection. Unlike MDS, Trajectory Mapping explicitly finds users' cognitive links between perceived concepts. This study proposes a Trajectory Mapping technique for eliciting knowledge structure, especially a set of cognitive pathways linking menu items, from end user. With twelve participants, MDS and Trajectory Mapping were conducted using cellular phone's menu items. And user knowledge structure was analyzed through Visual Concept Map that combination of results of MDS and Trajectory Mapping. After then, menu items were organized according to users' perceived organization. Empirical usability test was also conducted. The results of usability test showed that usability, in terms of task performance time, number of errors, and satisfaction, for newly organized interface was significantly improved compare to original interface. The methodology of this study is expected to be applicable to design a user-centered interface. In other words, Trajectory Mapping technique can be used as a design tool of user interface for imposing user knowledge structure on the interface.
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      In mobile device's user interface, menu organization is very important as well as menu structure because small display of mobile device. Menu items should be organized based on user knowledge structure to design user-centered interface. Traditionally,...

      In mobile device's user interface, menu organization is very important as well as menu structure because small display of mobile device. Menu items should be organized based on user knowledge structure to design user-centered interface. Traditionally, MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) have been most often used to expose users' perceived organization of menu items. But, information that MDS reveals is just relative spatial location of concepts and not relevant to concepts connection. Unlike MDS, Trajectory Mapping explicitly finds users' cognitive links between perceived concepts. This study proposes a Trajectory Mapping technique for eliciting knowledge structure, especially a set of cognitive pathways linking menu items, from end user. With twelve participants, MDS and Trajectory Mapping were conducted using cellular phone's menu items. And user knowledge structure was analyzed through Visual Concept Map that combination of results of MDS and Trajectory Mapping. After then, menu items were organized according to users' perceived organization. Empirical usability test was also conducted. The results of usability test showed that usability, in terms of task performance time, number of errors, and satisfaction, for newly organized interface was significantly improved compare to original interface. The methodology of this study is expected to be applicable to design a user-centered interface. In other words, Trajectory Mapping technique can be used as a design tool of user interface for imposing user knowledge structure on the interface.

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • 1. 서론
      • 2. 연구 방법
      • 3. 연구 결과
      • 4. 실증적 평가(Empirical Evaluation)
      • 5. 토의
      • 1. 서론
      • 2. 연구 방법
      • 3. 연구 결과
      • 4. 실증적 평가(Empirical Evaluation)
      • 5. 토의
      • 6. 결론
      • 참고문헌
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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 Parush, A., "Web Navigation Structures in Cellular Phones : the Depth/Breadth Trade-off Issue" 60 (60): 753-770, 2004

      2 Gilbert, S. A, "Using Trajectory Mapping to Analyze Musical Intervals" 1994

      3 Richards, W., "Trajectory Mapping(‘TM’) : A New Non-metric Scaling Technique" 24 (24): 1315-1331, 1995

      4 Norman, K. L., "The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human-Computer Interface" Ablex Publishing Corporation 1991

      5 Ziefle, M., "The Influence of User Expertise and Phone Complexity on Performance, Ease of Use and Learnability of Different Mobile Phones" 21 (21): 303-331, 2002

      6 Norman, K. L., "The Effect of Tree Structure in Search in a Hierarchical Menu Selection System" 7 (7): 51-65, 1988

      7 Miller, D. P., "The Depth/Breadth Tradeoff in Hierarchical Computer Menus" 296-300, 1981

      8 Kiger, J. I., "The Depth/Breadth Trade-off in the Design of Menu-driven User Interfaces" 20 (20): 201-213, 1984

      9 Shepard, R. N., "The Analysis of Proximities : Multidimensional Scaling with a Unknown Distance Function" 27 (27): 125-140, 1962

      10 Lokuge, I, "Structuring Information with Mental Models : A Tour of Boston" 1996

      1 Parush, A., "Web Navigation Structures in Cellular Phones : the Depth/Breadth Trade-off Issue" 60 (60): 753-770, 2004

      2 Gilbert, S. A, "Using Trajectory Mapping to Analyze Musical Intervals" 1994

      3 Richards, W., "Trajectory Mapping(‘TM’) : A New Non-metric Scaling Technique" 24 (24): 1315-1331, 1995

      4 Norman, K. L., "The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human-Computer Interface" Ablex Publishing Corporation 1991

      5 Ziefle, M., "The Influence of User Expertise and Phone Complexity on Performance, Ease of Use and Learnability of Different Mobile Phones" 21 (21): 303-331, 2002

      6 Norman, K. L., "The Effect of Tree Structure in Search in a Hierarchical Menu Selection System" 7 (7): 51-65, 1988

      7 Miller, D. P., "The Depth/Breadth Tradeoff in Hierarchical Computer Menus" 296-300, 1981

      8 Kiger, J. I., "The Depth/Breadth Trade-off in the Design of Menu-driven User Interfaces" 20 (20): 201-213, 1984

      9 Shepard, R. N., "The Analysis of Proximities : Multidimensional Scaling with a Unknown Distance Function" 27 (27): 125-140, 1962

      10 Lokuge, I, "Structuring Information with Mental Models : A Tour of Boston" 1996

      11 Hayhoe, D., "Sorting-based Menu Categories" 33 (33): 677-705, 1990

      12 Lee, E., "Optimizing the Design of Menu Pages for Information Retrieval" 27 (27): 1051-1069, 1984

      13 Park, K. B., "Multidimensional Scaling" Kyoyook Kwahak Sa 2000

      14 Amant, R., "Model-Based Evaluation of Expert Cell Phone Menu Interaction" 14 (14): 1-24, 2007

      15 Jokela, T., "Methods for Quantitative Usability Requirements : A Case Study on The Development of The User Interface of a Mobile Phone" 10 (10): 345-355, 2006

      16 Shurtleff, M. S., "Menu Organization through Block Clustering" 37 (37): 779-792, 1992

      17 Tang, K. E., "Menu Design with Visual Momentum for Compact Smart Products" 43 (43): 267-277, 2001

      18 Ware, C., "Information Visualization : Perception for Design, 2nd ed" Morgan Kaufmann 2004

      19 ISO, "ISO 9241-11. Ergonomics Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals, Part 11 : Guidance on Usability"

      20 Ziefle, M., "How to Overcome Disorientation in Mobile Phone Menus: A Comparison of Two Different Types of Navigation Aids" 21 (21): 393-433, 2006

      21 Paap, K. R., "Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd ed. Chapter 24" Elsevier 1997

      22 Rosch, E., "Foundation of Cognitive Psychology" The MIT Press 2002

      23 Wickens, C. D., "Engineering Psychology and Human Performance, 3rd ed" Prentice-Hall 2000

      24 Haung, S. C., "Empirical Evaluation of a Popular Cellular Phone’s Menu System : Theory Meets Practice" 1 (1): 91-108, 2006

      25 Snowberry, K., "Computer Display Menus" 26 (26): 699-712, 1983

      26 Roske-Hofstrand, R. J., "Cognitive Network as a Guide to Menu Operation : An Application in the Automated Cockpit" 29 (29): 1301-1312, 1986

      27 Allen, R. B., "Cognitive Factors in the Use of Menus and Trees : an Experiment" 1 (1): 333-336, 1983

      28 Norman, K. L., "Better Design of Menu Selection Systems Through Cognitive Psychology and Human Factors" 50 (50): 556-559, 2008

      29 McDonald, J. E., "Adapting Menu Layout to Tasks" 28 (28): 417-435, 1988

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