자폐아의 말ㆍ언어 특성에 관한 고찰 = The Speech-Language Characteristics of the Autistic Children

국문 초록 (Abstract)

거의 모든 자폐아동들은 언어능력에 결함을 보인다.본 연구에서는 문헌을 중심으로 자폐아동들의 전반적인 말 및 언어 발달의 특성을 고찰하고자 하였다.첫째, 언어습득이전에 보이는 특이한 형태인 함묵증과 반향어의 종류와 향후 언어발달에 대한 예후 등을 고찰하였고, 둘째, 언어의 초분절적 측면인 음성 및 운율적 결함을 특성을 살펴보았다.셋째, 자폐아동들이 다른 언어의 측면보다는 나은 발달을 보이는 조음능력과 형태론 및 구문론에 관한 연구들을 고찰하였으며, 마지막으로, 자폐아동들에게서 가장 큰 문제로 부각되는 의미론과 화용론의 결함 특성에 대한 연구결과들을 고찰하였다.이러한 문헌연구를 통하여 자폐아동의 언어 특성을 종합해 보고 이러한 결과들이 자폐아동 언어훈련에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Most of the autistic children show some of speech-language problems. Their speech-language problems were noticed and described as very deviant from other children, including the normal and the disordered children. The purpose of this study was to review the previous researches on the speech and language of the autistic children in terms of (1) prelinguistic characteristics, (2) suprasegmental characteristics of language, (3) structural characteristics of the language, (4) semantic characteristics of the language, and (5) pragmatic characteristics of the language.
Most deviant forms of the autistic children's prelanguage are mutism and echolalia. Although many autistic children who showed childhood mutism or echolalia never acquire language, some types of the mutism or echolalia were developed to be true language. Therefore, systematic analysis of these mutism of echolalia become an important issure in educational and clinical settings. Educators or clinicians should put their effort on finding the communicative functions of the mutism or echolalia.
The verbal autistic children who acquired language demonstrated some suprasegmental deficiency, such as too-high voice or inappropriate prosody. Their suprasegmental problems seemed to be maintained for a long time of period.
In general, autistic children did not seem to have problems in terms of the structured aspects of language, such as phonology, morphology, and syntax. However, researchers propose more detailed study concerning of the context of the language. Most prominent aspects of language deficiency of the autistic children are reported to be on semantics and pragmatics. These deficiency seemed to be based on the autistic children's limited ability of generalization and slow acquisition of the communicative functions.
These findings indicated that the educators and speech clinicians need to analyze the functions of the autistic children's verbal and nonverbal behaviors and to systematically control the verbal and nonverbal context in language intervention.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.서 론
• Ⅱ.자폐아동들에게서 나타나는 비정상적인 언어 특성
• 1.언어습득이전기의 특이한 언어 특성
• 2.초분절적 언어 발달 특성
• 3.구조적 언어능력의 발달 특성
• 4.의미론적 언어 발달 특성
• 5.화용론적 언어 발달 특성
• Ⅲ.결 론