용언(用言) ‘이다’의 굳은형과 활용형(活用形) = On the Frozen Form and the Inflectional Form of a Declinable Word, ‘Ida’

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Korean declinable word, ‘Ida’ has been called as a precative particle or indicative word or copula, or so on. ‘Ida’ has very various inflectional forms. But they have been considered as special particles respectively. In this study I claim that the most of the serial in- flectional forms of ‘Ida’ are not special particles but merely inflectional forms.
This claim is based on the two criteria. The first is a paradigmatical or parallel relation between the ending of ‘Ida’ and the ending of other verbs or adjectives of Korean. The second is the sameness of the meaning that the same forms have. After adapting these two criteria, only three forms are remain as particles, i.e. frozen forms.
On the other hand, inherent particles exist. They seem to have the ‘I’ stem of the ‘Ida’, but are independent or irrelevant with ida on the aspect of etymology.
If we except to frozen forms and inherent particles, the rest of inflectional forms can be described as parallel method with other inflectional forms of general verbs and adjectives. The result of this study will be distributed to the simple and easy description of Korean Grammar.