비잔티움을 넘어서: 예이츠의 후기시에 나타난 초월의 문제 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to trace Yeats’s efforts toward an ultimate reconciliation of the contrary forces of human experience as they are reflected in his later poetry written Beyond Byzantium, and to explore the relationship between existential awareness and artistic vitality. Though Yeats reached Byzantium in 1927, from The Wanderings of Oisin to “Byzantium” he yearned for stasis and release, and thus sought the solace to be found in never-never lands ranging from the woods of Arcady and Tir-nan-Oge to the golden boughs of Byzantium. Yet a disquieted romantic and an unaccommodated man, he returned to the living world of unfinished men and the dross of their mortal pain. The world of the “dying generations,” for all its corruption and impermanence, is the place where Yeats, after much sailing, finally dropped anchor. Yeats ran his course between the extremities implicit in “Perfection of the life, or of the work,” and by the end of his career he took his stand with the claims of his art and the passions that make it possible. “Tragic Gaiety,” the hero’s rising above evil fortune and circumstance, is at once the matrix and the pinnacle of his final, transforming vision, and Yeats’s most significant legacy to our “tired” and “hysterical” age. Thus Yeats’s great achievement lies in his exposition of the artist’s will to transcend phenomenal limitations, and in the symbolic identification of creator and created. “Bitter and Gay,” the dominant notes of most of the poetry of Yeats’s last years, lay the tragic scene beyond Byzantium, and it was there that he finally reached a reconciliation with “Time.” Not transcendence, however, but the simple triumph of trying to be a total man was Yeats’s final accomplishment. After all the anguish and the judgements, at the close of his life he repented nothing, and could cry “Rejoice” because it is only through the despair born of tragedy that we can achieve true gaiety and unity in empathy with humanity. That was the joyful voice of a man who knew how to create out of destruction. This wholeness of vision which Yeats finally attained is the prime concern of this study.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I
• II
• 1. 현실세계로의 항해(Sailing to the Living World)
• 2. 사자와 꿀벌집(The Lion and the Honeycomb)
• 3. 비극적 환희(Tragic Gaiety)
• III
• 인용문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최희섭, "「청금석부조」의 “비극적 환희”와 불교" 한국예이츠학회 21 : 117-135, 2004

2 한일동, "Yeats의 “Lapis Lazuli” 소고" 6 : 270-277, 1996

3 Finneran J. Richard, "Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual Studies Volume V" UMI Research Press 1987

4 Webster, Brenda S, "Yeats: A Psychoanalytic Study" Macmillan 1973

5 Zwerdling, Alex, "Yeats and the Heroic Ideal" New York UP 1965

6 Brooks, Cleanth, "The Well Wrought Urn" Methuen 1971

7 Miller Hillis, "The Poets of Reality" Atheneum 1974

8 Henn, T. R., "The Lonely Tower" Methuen 1966

9 Wade, Allan, "The Letters of W. B. Yeats" Macmillan 1955

10 Lentricchia, Frank, "The Gaiety of Language: An Essay on the Radical Poetics of W. B. Yeats and Wallace Stevens" U of California P 1968

11 Yeats, W, "The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats" Macmillan 1950

12 Yeats, W., "The Collected Plays of W. B. Yeats" Macmillan 1977

13 Wellesley Dorothy, "Letters on Poetry from W. B. Yeats to Dorothy Wellesley" Oxford UP 1964

14 Yeats, W., "Essays and Introductions" Macmillan 1961

15 Eliot, T. S, "Collected Poems" Faber and Faber 1974

16 Garab, M. Arra, "Beyond Byzantium: The Last Phase of Yeats’s Career" Northern Illinois UP 1969

17 Yeats, W. B, "Autobiographies" Macmillan 1971