Handbook of aging and the social sciences

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PART ONE. The Social Aspects of Aging = 1
• 1: Scope, Concepts and Methods in the Study of Aging / George L. Maddox ; James Wiley = 3
• Aging and the Aged: Social Problem and Scientific Issue = 4
• A Brief Review by Discipline = 9
• Themes and Issues in the Study of Aging = 14
• Methodological Issues = 19
• Concluding Remarks = 28
• 2: Age and the Life Course / Bernice L. Neugarten, Gunhild O. Hagestad = 35
• Introduction = 35
• Age-Grading in Modern Societies = 36
• The Concept of Age Status = 37
• Age and Social Interaction = 41
• Age Norms and Regularities in Behavior = 42
• Historical Change in the Age System = 45
• Multiple Timetables = 48
• Is Age Becoming More or Less Significant = 52
• PART TWO. Aging and Social Structure
• 3: Aging and World-Wide Population Change / Philip M. Hauser = 58
• Introduction = 59
• World Population Developments = 59
• Aging and the Extension of Life = 64
• Model Populations = 65
• Actual populations = 68
• Protections of Demographic Profiles = 71
• Regional Variations = 74
• Individual Countries = 76
• Implications of Aging and Extension of Life = 78
• Summary = 85
• 4: Societal Development and Aging / Peter Laslett = 87
• Introductory, Historical Sociology in Relation to Aging = 87
• Societal Development and Aging, the Current Theoretical Situation = 89
• An Alternative General Theory of Societal Development and Aging = 92
• Historical Data for a Tentative Theory of Aging and Societal Development = 96
• 5: Aging in Nonindustrial Societies / Jack Goody = 117
• The Structure of Domestic Groups = 117
• The Transmission of Resources = 118
• Retirement = 119
• Patterns of Consumption = 121
• Patterns of Reproduction = 122
• Residence = 124
• The Calculation of Age = 125
• Age Organization = 125
• The Elders as a Class = 126
• Age and The Social System = 126
• Age, Knowledge, and learning = 128
• 6: Generations and Intergenerational Relations: Perspectives on Age Groups and Social Change / Vern L. Bengtson, Neal D. Cutler = 130
• The Problem of Generations: Conceptualizing Time, Age Groups, and Social Structure = 131
• Intergenerational Contrasts in Attitudes and Opinions: The Cohort Perspective = 137
• Intergenerational Interaction and Influence: The Lineage Perspective = 144
• Emerging Generation Units of the Elderly: Prospects for Political and Historical Consciousness = 150
• 7: Social Stratification and Aging / Gordon F. Streib = 160
• The Basic Dimensions of Stratification = 160
• Age as a Dimension of Ranking = 161
• Class, Status, Power, and Aging = 162
• Stratum Consciousness = 166
• Special Contexts of Stratification and Aging = 169
• Perspectives on Cross-National Stratification of the Aged = 178
• A New Direction for Research-Status Inconsistency = 181
• PART THREE. Aging and Social Systems
• 8: Age Strata in Social Systems / Matilda White Riley = 189
• A Conceptual Model = 190
• Interpreting Research Finding on age Strata = 201
• Some Implications of the Model = 206
• 9: The Family Life of Old People / Marvin B. Sussman = 218
• Introduction = 218
• Theoretical Bases = 218
• Family Definitions and Descriptions = 222
• Kin Family Networks and Variant Family Forms = 225
• Intergenerational Transfers and Family Patterns = 232
• Family-Aged Member Relationships in 1980's = 235
• Summary = 239
• 10: Housing and Living Environments of Older People / Frances M. Carp = 244
• Defining the Terms = 245
• Housing and Living Environments for the Majority = 248
• The Need = 256
• Implications of Studies in Housing for the Elderly = 263
• 11: The Economy and the Aged / Juanita M. Kreps = 272
• Earnings and Income through the Life Course = 273
• Current Reappraisals of the Macroeconomic Variables = 276
• Impact of the Aged on the Economy = 281
• 12: Work and Retirement / Harold L. Sheppard = 286
• Background and Introduction = 286
• Early Retirement = 287
• Work Life Expectancy = 290
• A New Phenomenon: Labor Force Participation of Women = 291
• Work performance,Functional Age, and Training = 294
• Unemployment and the Older Worker = 298
• Retirement = 301
• The Retirement Decision and Preferred Retirement Age = 302
• Adjustment = 304
• Commentary = 306
• 13: Leisure and Lives: Persoval Experssivity Across the Life Span / Chad Gordon ; Charles M. Gaitz = 310
• Theoretical Orientations and major Objectives = 310
• Conceptualizations of Leisure in the Literature = 311
• Reconceptualization of Leisure-A Systematic Ordering of Meaningful Objectives = 314
• The Contemporary Life Span, in Theory and in Leisure Research = 316
• The Houston Study of Leisure Across the Life Span = 325
• Conclusions and Proposed Directions for Future Research and Theory = 332
• 14: Aging and the Law / Leonard D. Cain = 342
• Legal Affirmation of Age Statuses = 342
• The Emergence of Aging in Law = 345
• Law and Age Status: An Overview of the Life Course = 352
• A Separate legal Status for the Elderly = 356
• The Constitutionality of Mandatory Retirement Practices = 361
• Legal Age: Opportunities for Geronotology = 363
• 15: Political Systems and Aging / Robert B. Hudson, Robert H. Binstock = 369
• Political Attitudes and Behavior of Aging Persons = 369
• The Politics of Aging-Based Organizations = 381
• Aging as a concern of Political Systems = 391
• PART FOUR. Aging and Interpersonal Behavior = 401
• 16: Personal Characteristics and Social Behavior: Theory and Method / Kurt W. Back = 403
• introduction = 403
• Social Groups = 407
• Theory = 409
• Method = 417
• Social Groups, Self, and Time = 423
• 17: Social Networks and Isolation / Marjorie Fiske Lowenthal, Bersy Robinson = 432
• Introduction = 432
• Dyadic Relationships = 433
• Multiple Person Networks = 435
• Involvement and Isolation: Implications for Research and Theory = 450
• 18: Status and Role Change Through the Life Span / Irving Rosow = 457
• Status-Role Confusion = 458
• Four Problems = 459
• Non-Institutionalized Roles: The Excluded Cases = 460
• The Central Problem = 461
• Assumptions = 462
• The Typology = 462
• Discussion = 469
• En Passant: An Illustrative Application = 470
• The Meanings of Role Change = 471
• Policy implications = 478
• Conclusion = 480
• 19: Death and Dying in a Social Contest / Richard A. Kalish = 483
• Death and Aging = 484
• Issues in Aging = 485
• The Meaning of Facing Death = 485
• Common Reactions to Death: Fear and Denial = 489
• The Process of Dying = 493
• Social and Psychological Aspects of Caring for the Dying = 497
• Encountering the Death of Others = 498
• Some Future Priorities = 503
• PART FIVE. Aging and Social Intervention = 510
• 20. The Political Dilemmas of Intervention Policies / Rebert H. Binstock ; Martin A. Levin = 511
• Sources and Manifestations of Political Limitations on Effective Policy Intervention = 513
• The Politics of Policy Adoption = 515
• The Politics of Policy Implementation = 521
• Social Scientists and the Politics of Intervention = 526
• 21. Strategies of Design and Research for Intervention / C. L. Estes ; Howard E. Freeman = 536
• Knowledge as a Basis for Intervention = 537
• Perspectives on Causation = 545
• Conceptual and Operational Frameworks for Intervention = 547
• Evaluation Research and Program Feedback = 550
• The Challenges Ahead in Intervention Research = 557
• 22. Income Distribution and the Aging / James H. Schulz = 561
• The Aggregate Economic Status of the Elderly = 562
• The Distribution and Adequacy of Aged Money Income = 564
• Other Factors Affecting the Economic Status of the Aged = 571
• Major Pension and Welfare Programs = 575
• Some Policy Issues = 583
• 23. Aging, Health, and the Organization of Health Resources / Ethel Shanas ; George L. Maddox = 592
• Health and Illness as Social Concerns = 592
• Measuring Health and the Demand for Health Care = 596
• Studies of the Physical and Mental Health Status of Elderly Persons = 600
• The Organization of Health Care and its Utilization by Older Persons = 607
• Summary = 614
• 24: Aging and the Social Service / Walter M. Beattle, Jr. = 619
• Introduction = 619
• Overview of Social Services to the Aging = 620
• Ideological Constraints and Perspectives on the Development of Services to the Aging = 626
• Social Service Planing = 631
• Models of Social Service Systems = 635
• The Emerging British System = 636
• Emerging Delivery Systems in the United States-The 1973 Comprehensive Services Amendments to the Older Americans Act = 637
• Manpower, Training and Research = 637
• Demographic Data = 639
• Prospects for the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century = 640
• 25: The Future of Social Intervention / Sanford A. Lakoff = 643
• The Future of Aging as a Social Concern = 643
• Equity and the Elderly: The Ideal of Social Justice = 645
• "Post-Industrial Society" as a Matrix for Analysis = 649
• The Service State: Social Intervention in the Post-Industrial Era = 653
• Postscripts: A Caveat on Social Forecasting = 660
• Author Index = 665
• Subject Index = 675