조선시대 교육기관의 제사제도 고 = A Study on Ancestral Rites of Chosun`s Educational Institution

국문 초록 (Abstract)

朝鮮時代 교육기관의 祭祀制度가 지니는 成聖敎育의 특징 및 당시 中國學制와의 관계를 규명하였다. 朝鮮은 明보다 늦게 출현하였기 때문에 明制의 영향을 많이 받았다. 學制도 예외는 아니었다. 學制가운데 교내에 文廟를 건립해 놓고 있는 점이라든지, 從祀制 등이 바로 그것이다. 祭5儀式 등은 대부분 唐制에서 비롯됐으며, 書院制度의 정형이라 할 수 있는 朱子의 白O洞書院은 朝鮮에서 朱子學이 성행함에 따라 큰 영향력을 발휘하였다. 朝鮮時代 敎育機關에서 거행한 祭祀制度는 唐이래 여러 王朝의 영향을 받은 것이 사실이다. 그러나 그것을 무비판적으로 수용한 것은 아니다. 우리의 상황에 적합한 것만 선택하여 수용하였다. 從祀制의 경우처럼 中國에서 奉祀하고 있는 賢哲을 그대로 받아들이지 않았다는 점이 이를 잘 증명한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It cannot be denied that the rite systems practiced in the educational institution during Chosun period has been influenced by China, especially Tang dynasty. The people in Chosun didn't indiscreetly accept Chinese systems. They chose and took ones fit for their situation. It can be ascertained by the fact that Chosun's sacrifice to its ancestral sages didn't accommodate all of saints worshiped by Chinese.
Since Korea dynasty our country has selected a few among domestic great men and consecrated sacrifice to them along with some chinese saints in shrines of Confucius. In Chosun dynasty as many as 18 korean sages and other Chinese old Confucian saints were worshiped with their portraits displayed in shrines.
In 1530, Myung dynasty, one of Chinese old regimes, reformed memorial systems in Confucian shrines. It was the most surprising event to Chosun. The cabinet of Suk Jong, one of Chosun kings, decided to accept even a small part of the newly reformed Chinese system. But it had no interest in 3 levels of status, such as goodness, wisdom, and knowledge, and kept using the old degrees of nobility and titles for many sages including Confucius.
In addition the private schools in Chosun had different memorial systems from shrines. They mostly worshiped their ancestors, not Chinese sages except Chu-tzu and Confucius who was a national icon.
The purpose of memorial rites in educational institutions was to realize the idea of ancestral sages' teachings. In other words, it was thought that if you study the teachings of sages, you also can become one like them. This object can reached if students read avidly Confucian books everyday. It was this purpose that since Tang dynasty many Confucius shrines have been built in schools so that students could keep a little more definite educational icon. Additionally school shrines made students feel as if they had studied just by a living Confucius. It had an effect on levelling up the efficiency of education to the limit. In conclusion, the practice of memorial sacrifice in Chosun's educational institution was a system to achieve the educational idea of pursuing ancestral sages.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• Ⅱ. 廟ㆍ詞의 設置 由來
• Ⅲ. 廟ㆍ祠 祭祀制度의 特徵
• Ⅳ. 廟ㆍ祠 祭祀制度의 敎育的 意義
• Ⅴ. 結論
• 參考文獻