Designing computer-based learning materials

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of figures = xi
• List of tables = xv
• Introduction = xvii
• 1 Interaction and learning = 1
• Computer-based learning = 1
• Characteristics of the learners = 2
• Adult learning = 3
• What is interaction? = 3
• Degrees of interaction = 5
• Feedback = 11
• Questions = 13
• Navigation = 14
• Human-human interaction = 16
• Summary of key points = 17
• 2 Communication styles = 21
• Communication aids within computer-based learning materials = 21
• Comparison of computer-based learning and traditional approaches = 22
• Learner, subject and environment = 23
• Communication styles = 25
• Commands = 25
• Menus = 27
• Question and answer = 29
• Form fill = 31
• Direct manipulation = 33
• Natural language = 33
• Summary of communication styles = 35
• Metaphor = 36
• Summary of key points = 37
• 3 Types of computer-based learning material = 39
• Types of material = 39
• Computer-based training(CBT) = 41
• Computer-managed learning(CML) or managed learning environments(MLE) = 42
• Integrated learning systems(ILS) = 44
• Intelligent tutoring systems(ITS) = 44
• Job aids or electronic performance support systems(EPSS) = 45
• Computer-aided assessment(CAA) = 45
• Drill and practice = 46
• Virtual reality = 49
• Multimedia = 50
• Hypermedia = 51
• Online learning = 53
• Resource-based learning = 55
• Simulation = 56
• Summary of key points = 57
• 4 Assessment methods = 61
• Approaches to assessment = 61
• Assessment and other activities = 62
• Pre- and post-tests = 64
• Adaptive testing = 66
• Feedback = 67
• Multiple choice questions = 68
• True／false questions = 70
• Open questions = 71
• Sequencing, sorting, classifying, ranking or ordering information = 72
• Matching = 73
• Gap or blank filling = 73
• Virtual trip or exploration = 74
• Role play using multimedia = 75
• Models and expert systems = 75
• Drag and drop = 75
• Bank of questions = 76
• Other approaches = 76
• Maintenance = 77
• Summary of key points = 78
• 5 Use of text = 79
• Presentation of text = 79
• Communication approach = 81
• Scrolling = 83
• Justification of text = 84
• Text styles = 85
• Newspaper techniques = 86
• Text and graphics = 88
• Structured text = 89
• Text and colour = 90
• Highlighting = 91
• Summaries, reviews, overviews and reminders = 92
• Summary of key points = 93
• 6 Use of colour = 95
• What is colour? = 95
• How can colour enhance the design of learning materials? = 96
• Systematic versus random use of colour = 97
• Highlighting = 98
• Number of colours = 99
• Coloured text = 100
• Colour preferences = 100
• Colour combinations = 101
• Colour and graphics = 102
• Summary of key points = 103
• 7 Use of graphics = 105
• How can illustrations aid learning and retention? = 105
• Types of illustration = 106
• Representational／realistic illustrations = 106
• Analogical illustrations = 109
• Logical illustrations = 110
• Structural or graphical organizers = 112
• Multiple illustrations = 113
• Icons and buttons = 115
• Captions = 117
• Lines, borders and frames = 117
• Summary of key points = 119
• 8 Multimedia = 123
• Multimedia and learning = 123
• Hypermedia = 124
• Video = 126
• Comparing still and moving pictures = 128
• Sound = 129
• Dynamic display = 131
• Animation = 131
• Combining different media = 133
• Disabled learners = 135
• Summary of key points = 135
• 9 Online learning design = 137
• Online material and other forms of computer-based learning = 137
• Comparing Internet, intranet and standalone materials = 139
• Structure of a website = 140
• Metaphors = 141
• Links = 142
• Page length = 145
• Page layout = 147
• Lost in hyperspace = 149
• Communication technologies = 149
• Vicarious learning = 151
• Summary of key points = 152
• 10 Screen layout = 155
• Content of computer-based learning materials = 155
• Screen elements = 156
• Metaphors = 158
• Positioning of information = 159
• Balance of the display = 160
• Grouping of information = 161
• Perception = 162
• Complexity = 163
• Coding = 164
• Windows = 164
• Templates／style guides = 167
• Summary of key points = 169
• 11 Content = 171
• Scripting = 172
• Storyboarding = 173
• Methods of collecting information = 174
• Learning styles and strategies = 178
• Tutors and trainers = 178
• Design team = 179
• Chunking = 179
• Illustrations = 179
• Copyright = 180
• Proof reading = 180
• Summary of key points = 181
• 12 Evaluation = 185
• What is evaluation? = 185
• Methods = 186
• Checklists = 191
• Representative samples = 192
• Cost effectiveness = 193
• Summary of key points = 194
• Index = 195