토지정책의 개선방향에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Land on which we live is an invaluable asset. In some countries, for example, it is illegal for anyone to own land because they think land belongs to everybody who lives on it. So, any kind of trade of land is strongly prohibited by the law. They also think that even when their government plans to develop its land, it should be for betterment of the whole nation. This idea applies not only to communist countries but also to some democratic societies.

Based on this idea, policies regarding the land in Korea have gone through many changes. Since the first cornerstone of land policy established in the 1960s, they have evolved with the needs of the times. Taking a brief look at the history of land policy in Korea, it was probably in 1960s when the policy was first designed in recent history after the independence from Japanese colony. The purpose of the policy then was to pave the way for economic development and growth by controlling the land price. In 1970s, "Plans for National Development" was announced by government, and national land project began. Then, in 1980s it was necessary to redefine land policy to promote fair distribution of land development throughout the nation focusing on regional balance. Thus in 1990s, efforts were made to solve the imbalance of regional gaps and local autonomy was finally adopted to give power to local governments consequently. Land policy in 2000s was in line with the previous period with more focus on national competitiveness in the global era.

However, 40 years of policy change have not been without problems. Problems involved in land policies may include those regarding land markets and social and economic factors combined along with too strict regulations which may hurt proper use of land and its development. Procedures for getting approval from the authority, in particular, are too complicated and take a long time thus impeding prompt performance of development projects severely. This can also undermine national competitiveness in the long run.

From these perspectives, this paper examines the problems of land policies and then tries to provide right solutions to these problems perceived. To do so, this paper first looks briefly at the history of land policy in Korea as a whole and then extract problems of each policy through the history, finally suggesting the best remedies which also fit ever changing needs of the times.

A general survey of the history of land policies and their drawbacks gave the author a clue for the direction of future land policies in Korea. First, regulations regarding land transaction should be made more simple for private developers or investors to participate in the project more freely. This will be likely to promote proper land development eventually through an invisible hand of demand and supply in land market. Second, the authorities of approval of land projects should be transferred to local governments. If local governments have the power to permit those projects, more projects will be provided and completed which fit the specific needs of the regions. This will also result in appropriate as well as balanced development of land.

Tax systems as another key factor in land development have several problems hindering smooth land trade and development. Tax may serve as a righteous means to secure revenue, but at the same time it can prevent national development and growth thus hurting the general welfare of the citizens. Instead of functioning as a right means to redistribute national wealth, impractical and unreasonable taxes designed for specific purposes such as speculative taxes, and retention and transaction taxes may considerably block free trade of land which can be followed by right development.

From these findings of this research, it can be suggested that there should be a sustainable policy concerning land. That is, the future as well as the present should be considered in making land policies. Furthermore, the ultimate goal of land development should be to promote national wealth and welfare. Therefore, there should be more emphasis on the concept of the public goods in arranging and developing land policy.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구의 배경 1
• 제2절 연구의 목적 3
• 제3절 연구의 방법 4
• 제2장 토지정책의 이론적 고찰 5
• 제1절 토지정책의 이론적 배경 5
• 1. 토지정책의 정의 5
• 2. 토지정책 필요성 6
• 3. 토지정책 내용 6
• 제2절 시대별 토지정책 변천 31
• 1. 1948～1950년대(농지개혁과 전후 복구기) 33
• 2. 1960～1970년대(도시화 및 산업화, 토지투기) 36
• 3. 1980～1990년대(토지공개념과 투명화기반) 41
• 4. 2000년대～현재(선계획-후개발체제) 45
• 5. 국토계획의 시대적 변화 50
• 6. 정책변화에 따른 지가 및 거래 동향 51
• 제3절 선행연구 58
• 1. 삼성경제연구소의 연구 58
• 2. 한국개발연구의 연구 58
• 3. 김용구, 오철호, 노화준의 연구 58
• 4. 이용호, 오정석의 연구 59
• 5. 박영구의 연구 60
• 제4절 토지정책변화(플로리다도시 토지정책을 중심으로) 61
• 1. 토지정책의 정치시장 62
• 2. 물리적 특성 63
• 3. 사회적 특성 64
• 4. 제도적 특성 65
• 제3장 토지정책의 문제점 및 개선방안 73
• 제1절 토지정책의 문제점 73
• 1. 토지정책의 규제 73
• 2. 토지규제정책의 문제점 74
• 제2절 토지정책의 개선방안 90
• 1. 토지정책의 규제완화 90
• 2. 토지규제정책의 개선방안 91
• 제3절 토지정책의 방향 100
• 1. 선계획 후개발과 개발허가제를 통한 공공성 강화 100
• 2. 전략환경영향평가제 실시를 통한 지속가능한 토지이용 100
• 3. 개발이익과 손실의 형평성 101
• 4. 토지시장기능의 강화 및 토지정보의 정비 101
• 5. 효과성 평가 및 모니터닝 체계 102
• 제4장 결론 103
• 참 고 문 헌 106
• 1. 국내문헌 106
• 2. 웹-사이트 110
• Abstract 111