멕시코 혁명의 반교권주의와 크리스테로의 저항 = Revolutionary Anticlericalism and the Cristero War in Mexico

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In terms of the scope and impact of the conflict, Mexico’s Cristero War or the Cristiada in the late 1920s was one of the most intense and bloodiest clashes between the liberal forces and Catholics in modern Latin America. The Cristero War was a regional challenge for the Midwestern residents to confront the anticlerical policies of the post-revolutionary government while maintaining religious and cultural practices, but on the other hand, the expectations of poor residents for agrarian reform and economic improvement combined with governmental anticlericalism to take on a complex pattern. In sum, the Cristero War was an event in which the different ways of regarding religion collided head on at a time when the basis of a new regime and national identity had to be reformulated after revolutionary upheaval throughout the 1910s. The period from the mid-1920s to the mid-1930s in Mexico, in which the Cristero rebellion stood out, can be understood as an accelerated phase of religious change on the initiative of the post-revolutionary regime rather than simply declining juncture of the status of Catholic Church. Although there were regional variations, it should be noted that the anticlerical move by the post-revolutionary regime eased off after President Lázaro Cárdenas broke up with ‘el jefe Máximo’ Plutarco Calles in the mid-1930s. Political changes since the end of the 1930s were more important than the agreement that led to the end of the Cristero War in 1929, confirming the weakening of revolutionary anticlericalism.