Parliamentary democracy : democratization, destabilization, reconsolidation, 1789-1999

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Figures and Tables = ⅶ
• Introduction = 1
• 1 Parliamentary Government：the Rise of a Concept = 4
• 2 The Parliamentarisation of Representative Governments = 16
• 2.1 Waves of parliamentarisation of the executive = 16
• 2.2 Parliamentarisation via the constitutional weapons of parliament = 18
• 2.3 Parliamentarisation and democratisation：the struggle for universal suffrage and its impact on parliamentary government = 26
• 2.4 The parliamentary system and constitutional engineering = 31
• 2.5 Parliamentary government by the constituent power of the people = 35
• 3 The Organisational Basis of Parliamentary Sovereignty = 38
• 3.1 Organisational autonomy = 39
• 3.2 Non-hierarchical parliament = 39
• 3.3 Non-hierarchical relations in two-chamber systems = 41
• 3.4 Social equality among deputies and economic independence = 50
• 3.5 The rise of a new hierarchy in parliamentary work：plenary and committee work = 52
• 3.6 The steering function of parliamentary groups = 64
• 4 Functions of Parliaments = 72
• 4.1 Representation and articulation of interests = 73
• 4.2 Controlling functions = 81
• 4.3 The legislative function = 88
• 4.4 The recruitment function = 98
• 5 The Role of the Head of State in Relation to Parliament and Government = 108
• 5.1 The creation of a head of state = 110
• 5.2 Cohabitation of presidential and parliamentary majorities in semipresidential systems = 111
• 5.3 Functions of the head of state in legislation = 117
• 5.4 Functions in government building = 122
• 5.5 Indications for government formation = 128
• 5.6 The process of consultation on government formation = 133
• 5.7 The head of state and the routine business of government = 135
• 5.8 The head of the state and the end of government = 135
• 5.9 Dissolution of parliament by decree of the head of state = 136
• 6 The Government and Parliamentary Majority = 149
• 6.1 Cabinet solidarity = 149
• 6.2 The organisational power of government and the proliferation of offices = 150
• 6.3 Ministers without portfolio = 154
• 6.4 Cabinet hierarchy and ministerial solidarity = 155
• 6.5 The office of prime minister = 157
• 6.6 The organisational basis of the prime ministerial office = 161
• 6.7 Coalition research in the light of rational-choice approaches = 163
• 6.8 Oversized coalitions = 169
• 6.9 Undersized coalitions and minority governments = 173
• 6.10 The dissolution of government by parliamentary vote = 178
• 6.11 Non-parliamentary reasons for government termination = 182
• 6.12 Conflict in the governing coalition as a reason for government termination = 186
• 6.13 Party systems and governmental stability = 186
• 6.14 Reasons for government termination and governmental stability = 188
• 6.15 Alternating governments = 194
• 7 Conclusions = 198
• 7.1 The consolidation of parliamentary systems = 198
• 7.2 Decline of parliament? The changing functions of parliamentary democracy = 211
• Notes and References = 217
• Bibliography of Comparative Literature = 240
• Index = 243