This study focuses on the significant role of urban parks in alleviating loneliness and depression among the elderly. Expanding on this perspective, we explore the interactions among elderly individuals within the open spaces of linear parks, which ar...
This study focuses on the significant role of urban parks in alleviating loneliness and depression among the elderly. Expanding on this perspective, we explore the interactions among elderly individuals within the open spaces of linear parks, which are increasingly being developed in urban areas through the repurposing of abandoned railways or roads. Given the high prevalence of depression(37.4%) among South Koreans aged 65 and older and its underlying causes such as a lack of social skills, loneliness, and social isolation, community-based facilities like urban parks can serve as a crucial solution. In particular, linear urban parks may offer unique opportunities for interact and communication.
However, quantitative approach to the physical spaces of linear parks, while addressing the impact of spatial elements and general inconveniences, may exclude the in-depth experiences and meanings attributed by users. As this study focuses on the experiences of users that are often overlooked, a qualitative approach was adopted to investigate the shared concerns and the significance of experiences arising from the space from the users’ perspective. Through qualitative research, we aimed to delve into the essential meaning of physical spaces as experienced by users.
Therefore, this study focuses on the occurrence and development of interpersonal relationships among elderly users in the open spaces of linear parks, with a particular emphasis on how these interactions and communication change according to the varying forms of the park. The Gyeongchun Line Forest Park, a representative linear park in Seoul, was selected as the research site. Unlike existing (In terms of usage behavior)centralized parks, the Gyeongchun Line Forest Park frequently facilitates chance encounters, leading to interactions with diverse individuals.
Previous studies on this phenomenon have primarily focused on the economic benefits and user satisfaction of linear parks. In contrast, this study aims to delve deeper into the formation of interpersonal relationships among elderly individuals in the open spaces of linear parks, utilizing a grounded theory approach based on symbolic interactionism. To develop a theory, data was collected and analyzed following Corbin and Strauss’s procedures for theoretical sampling and systematic analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 elderly individuals who regularly use the Gyeongchun Line Forest Park, with each participant interviewed at least twice for an average of 40 minutes. The interview data was analyzed line by line, resulting in 456 concepts, 66 subcategories, and 17 categories. Through open coding, common concepts were categorized and assigned attributes and dimensions. The categories were then rearranged according to Strauss’s axial coding paradigm.
The results are as follows:
(1) Causal Conditions:【Escaping from a confining space】, 【Being drawn to the Gyeongchun Line Forest Park】
(2) Contextual Conditions:【The limitations of old age】, 【Confronting one’s aging self】
(3) Core Category:【Unilateral encounters】, 【Wandering ghosts in the Gyeongchun Line Forest Park】, 【A friend hidden behind a veil】, 【One’s reflection in the mirror】
(4) Intervening Conditions:【A subjective space for one’s life】, 【A space filled with one’s emotions】, 【A special and open meeting place】
(5) Action/Interaction:【Gradually becoming closer】, 【Gradually blending in】, 【An experience one wants to repeat】, 【Creating one’s own space】
(6) Consequences:【Diversity of relationships】, 【Expanding one’s neighborhood】
A comprehensive analysis of the categories revealed a sequential structure in participants’ experiences: 【reflection】▶【selection】▶【affirmation】▶【expansion】. Accordingly Within the autonomy of linear spaces, the elderly affirmed both the space and themselves through their choices, leading to an expansion of both the space and their relationships.
The core category of “creating one’s own space” emerged from selective coding, revealing that participants transformed the space into a personal domain through their choices, positive affirmations, and anticipation of new experiences. This process facilitated a deep and personal connection to the space, leading to a sustained and habitual engagement with the open environment. Through the integration of this core category, we discovered a process of self-healing and positive life affirmation among the elderly within the linear space.
As a result, the analysis led to the substantive theories: “Linear parks serve as spaces for self-selection and self-recovery for the elderly.” It was found and concluded that within the autonomy provided by linear spaces, the elderly experience self-directed lives, reconsidering the meaning of life and recovering their sense of self.
In conclusion, the analysis categorized the experiences formed in open spaces into four groups: (1) elderly-other generations, (2) elderly-elderly, (3) elderly-anonymity of linear spaces, and (4) elderly-autonomy of linear spaces. Through this categorization, the study demonstrated that linear spaces offer a new perspective and a transformative experience for the elderly, challenging existing preconceptions. In terms of public design, three conceptual characteristics were proposed: (1) flowing spaces, (2) autonomy and agency, and (3) hands-off approach. The study emphasized the vitality, autonomy, and unintended consequences that linear spaces provide in terms of their functionality in public design.
In conclusion, this study proposes that in public design for open spaces, rather than imposing functional elements that dictate specific behaviors, spaces should be designed to provide minimal convenience and enable autonomous actions. By allowing individuals to perceive and experience the space on their own terms, these spaces can foster a deeper understanding and connection. Furthermore, the interconnectedness and connectivity of linear park open spaces should be emphasized to create a public space where the daily lives and personal spaces of various individuals intertwine, enabling users to attribute deeper meanings to the space and provide repetitive and sustained experiences. Notably, this study highlights the formation of a positive collective identity among elderly users who continually utilize linear park open spaces, beyond their individual experiences. This suggests that linear parks serve as effective and promising public spaces for the elderly, holding significant future value.