Background: Following the rapid growth of elderly population in South Korea, the burden of diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases has increased substantially. While incentive programs exist for hospitals and patients to actively engage in chroni...
Background: Following the rapid growth of elderly population in South Korea, the burden of diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases has increased substantially. While incentive programs exist for hospitals and patients to actively engage in chronic disease management and treatment, these programs can only be effective for patients that actually decide to receive treatment. In fact, there is a lack of studies on whether patients who are diagnosed with diabetes receive treatment and what factors affect this decision. Therefore, this paper fills the gap in the literature by identifying key individual characteristics that are associated with therapeutic compliance of patients who are diagnosed with diabetes. In particular, this study highlights the role of diabetes education and its association with the patients' decision to receive treatment.
Methods: The sample was obtained from the 2015 Community Health Survey data and limited to 12,931 patients aged 65 and over who were diagnosed with diabetes. Chi-square tests were used to identify factors associated with therapeutic compliance. Logistic regression models were also used to examine the relationship between diabetes education and the patients‘ compliance to treatment while controlling for individual characteristics.
Results: While only 25.3% of all patients had received diabetes education, either in public health centers or hospitals, these patients were significantly more likely to receive treatment than those who did not receive any education. For the whole sample, the odds ratios of receiving education in public health centers and hospitals were 1.59 (95% CI=1.024, 2.459) and 1.34 (95%CI=1.089, 1.657), respectively. Sub-group analyses revealed different results as following. First, regardless of the educational provider, the odds of receiving treatment was higher for the educated patients than the odds of the patients that did not receive any education. Second, among the male patients, the odds ratio of receiving education in public health centers was 1.65 (95% CI=1.273, 2.147). Similarly, the odds of male patients with education in hospitals were also higher than the odds of male patients without education (OR 2.18, 95 %CI=1.485, 3.198). In contrast, no statistically significant differences were observed in the odds of treatment between the female patients with or without education. Third, the results also differed by family structure. When limiting the analysis to patients who lived with their family, relative to the uneducated patients, the odds of receiving treatment was 1.31 times higher for patients with education at public health centers (95% CI=1.048, 1.636) and 1.79 times higher for patients with education at hospitals (95% CI=1.178, 2.722). However, for patients who lived alone, the odds of receiving treatment was only relatively higher for patients that received education in hospitals (OR 1.48, 95% CI=1.083, 2.024); no significant differences were observed for patients who were educated in public health centers. Fourth, the results also differed by how patients perceived their health status. On one hand, among the patients with positive self-assessment of health, the patients that received diabetes education in public health centers or hospitals were relatively more likely to receive treatment than uneducated patients, with odds ratios of 1.79 (95% CI=1.222, 2.606) and 8.87 (95% CI=3.981, 19.750), respectively. On the other hand, with respect to the rest of the patients with non-positive health self-assessments, the educated and uneducated patients did not differ significantly in whether they received treatment or not.
Conclusion: In general, patients who received diabetes education were more likely to comply to therapeutic treatment. However, since three quarters of the patients that were diagnosed with diabetes did not receive any education, expanding educational opportunities and encouraging participation may result in significant improvement of therapeutic compliance among patients with diabetes.