Public law

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅴ
• Table of Cases = xvii
• Table of Statutes = xxviii
• Table of Statutory Instruments = xxxviii
• Part Ⅰ: An Introduction to Public Law = 1
• CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM = 3
• 1. Introduction = 3
• 2. The Unwritten Constitution in Historical Perspective = 4
• (a) England = 6
• (b) Wales = 7
• (c) Scotland = 8
• (d) Ireland = 11
• (e) The Commonwealth = 15
• 3. Government and the Constitution = 19
• (a) Political Science and the Constitution = 19
• (b) Dicey's Influence = 23
• 4. The European Dimension = 25
• (a) The E.C. Legal Order = 26
• (b) Sovereignty and the E.C. = 30
• (c) The E.C. and Future Constitutional Arrangements in the U.K.: Some Conclusions = 32
• CHAPTER 2 PARLIAMENT = 34
• 1. Introduction = 34
• 2. Functions of Parliament = 35
• (a) The Separation of Powers = 35
• (b) The Forms of Legislation = 40
• (c) Debate and Scrutiny = 44
• (d) Parliament, the Crown and Prerogative = 48
• 3. The House of Lords = 50
• (a) Composition = 55
• (b) Select Committees = 57
• (c) House of Lords Reform = 57
• 4. Parliamentary Privileges = 59
• CHAPTER 3 GOVERNMENT = 62
• 1. Introduction = 62
• 2. Government = 62
• (a) Central and Local = 62
• (b) Crown and Prerogtive = 65
• (ⅰ) Definition and review = 65
• (ⅱ) The Prerogative in foreign affairs = 72
• 3. Cabinet and Prime Minister = 74
• (a) Powers and Functions = 74
• 4. Collective and Individual Ministerial Responsibility = 81
• 5. The Civil Service = 85
• (a) Definition = 85
• (b) Role and function of the civil service = 88
• CHAPTER 4 CONVENTIONS AND THE RULE OF LAW = 93
• 1. Introduction = 93
• 2. Conventions = 94
• 3. The Rule of Law = 102
• CHAPTER 5 AN INTRODUCTION TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW = 110
• 1. Introduction = 110
• 2. Historical Perspectives and Administrative Law = 111
• (a) State Intervention and Legislation = 114
• (b) Courts, Lawyers and Legal techniques = 118
• 3. Allocation of Functions = 125
• (a) Legislation, and Delegated Legislation = 126
• (b) Prerogative Powers, Licenses and Contracts = 128
• (c) Central and Local Government = 131
• (d) Fringe Organisations and Statutory Bodies = 133
• 4. Courts = 135
• (a) The Judiciary and the Administration of Justice = 135
• (b) The Development of Judicial Review = 140
• 5. Tribunals and Inquiries = 143
• Part Ⅱ: Public Law, Politics, Ideas and Influences = 149
• CHAPTER 6 THE ELECTORATE, POLITICS AND THE CONSTITUTION = 151
• 1. Introduction = 151
• 2. Parliamentary Democracy, Origins, Ideas and Influences = 152
• (a) Dicey, Parliamentary Sovereignty and Popular Democracy = 154
• (b) Parliamentary Franchise 1832-1948 = 158
• 3. The Electorate = 160
• (a) The Franchise = 160
• (b) Constituency Boundaries = 161
• (c) Elections = 166
• 4. Europe = 171
• 5. Manifesto, Mandate and Pressure Groups = 173
• (a) Manifesto and Mandate = 173
• (b) Pressure Groups = 177
• 6. Electoral Reform = 179
• CHAPTER 7 PUBLIC LAW AND LEGAL THOUGHT = 185
• 1. Introduction = 185
• 2. The Common Law Tradition = 186
• 3. The Historical Legacy = 193
• (a) The Science of Law = 197
• (b) The Statistical Movement = 199
• (c) Dicey and his Contemporaries = 202
• 4. Contemporary Writers and Public Law = 207
• (a) Robson and Laski = 207
• (b) Public Law and Political Change = 211
• CHAPTER 8 THE EUROPEAN UNION = 218
• 1. Introduction = 218
• 2. European Ideas and Influences = 218
• (a) Historical Influences = 219
• (b) The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms = 221
• (c) Membership of the E.C.: Aims and Objectives = 224
• 3. Institutions and Structures = 227
• (a) Council and Commission = 227
• (b) The European Parliament = 230
• (c) The Court of Justice = 231
• 4. Policies and Objectives = 239
• (a) The Treaty on European Union = 239
• (b) Towards a European Public Law? = 242
• Part Ⅲ: The Public Law of the United Kingdom = 245
• CHAPTER 9 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY = 247
• 1. Introduction = 247
• 2. Accountability Defined = 247
• (a) The Party System = 250
• 3. The Role of Parliament = 254
• (a) Scrutiny and Passage of Legislation = 254
• (b) Select Committees = 258
• (c) Parliamentary Debate and Ministerial Responsibility = 262
• 4. Government and the Crown = 264
• (a) Ministers and Public Interest Immunity = 264
• (b) Government and Secrecy = 273
• 5. Policy Formulation and Government = 275
• CHAPTER 10 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT = 277
• 1. Introduction = 277
• 2. Civil Service-Evolution and Reform = 278
• 3. Management Techniques = 283
• 4. The Next Steps = 286
• 5. Administrative Agencies = 289
• (a) Agencies, Accountability and Control = 291
• (b) Civil Servants and Ministers = 294
• (c) Assessing Management in the Civil Service = 295
• CHAPTER 11 PUBLIC FINANCE = 298
• 1. Introduction = 298
• (a) Public Revenue = 299
• (b) The Control of Public Expenditure = 301
• 2. The Treasury, Planning and Controlling Public Expenditure = 303
• (a) The Treasury = 303
• (b) Planning and Controlling Public Expenditure = 306
• (c) The Bank of England = 309
• 3. Parliament = 313
• (a) The Committee of Public Accounts (PAC), the New Select Committees and the Comptroller and Auditor General (C & AG) = 318
• 4. The National Audit Office = 321
• 5. The Courts = 333
• CHAPTER 12 LOCAL GOVERNMENT = 336
• 1. Introduction = 336
• 2. The Role and Function of Local Government = 339
• (a) Evolution and Change = 339
• (b) Elections = 346
• 3. Change and Structure in Local Government = 349
• (a) Structure and Organisation = 349
• (b) Competitive Tendering for Local Authority Services = 350
• 4. Central-Local Government Relations = 354
• (a) Local Authority Finance = 354
• (b) The Courts and Local Authority Activities = 359
• 5. Audit Commission and Accountability = 368
• (a) The Audit Commission and Local Authority Audit = 369
• (b) Accountability = 371
• CHAPTER 13 PRIVATISATION AND REGULATION = 374
• 1. Introduction = 374
• 2. Nationalisation = 375
• (a) Nationalisation: Policy and Structures = 376
• (b) Government as a Regulator of the Nationalised Industries = 377
• (c) Accountability of the Nationalised Industries = 381
• 3. Privatisation, Policy and Objectives = 383
• 4. Regulation, Structures and Techniques = 385
• (a) Privatisation of the Utilities = 387
• (b) The Regulatory Structure = 399
• 5. Future Directions = 402
• CHAPTER 14 CITIZENS 5 GRIEVANCES = 408
• 1. Introduction = 408
• 2. Informal Mechanisms of Complaint and M.P's = 410
• 3. Tribunals and Inquiries = 412
• (a) Tribunals = 412
• (b) Inquiries = 422
• 4. Ombudsmen: Local and Central = 432
• (a) Central Government = 432
• (b) Local Commissioners for Administration = 440
• 5. The Citizen's Charter = 444
• CHAPTER 15 JUDICIAL REVIEW = 446
• 1. Introduction = 446
• (a) The Scope of Judicial Review = 446
• (b) The Classification of Administrative Decision-Making = 449
• (c) Statutory Appeals = 451
• 2. Public and Private Law = 453
• 3. Grounds for Review = 461
• (a) Ultra Vires and Excess of Jurisdiction = 462
• (b) Abuse of Discretion = 471
• (c) Natural Justice = 475
• (d) Excluding Judicial Review = 480
• 4. Future Directions = 484
• CHAPTER 16 REMEDIES = 490
• 1. Introduction = 490
• 2. Forms of Relief = 491
• 3. The Law of Standing = 495
• (a) Standing in Private Law = 497
• (b) Standing in Public Law = 498
• 4. Public Law Remedies = 505
• (a) Procedural Matters = 505
• (b) The Discretionary Nature of Remedies = 507
• (c) Void and Voidable Administrative Action = 509
• (d) Certiorari, Prohibition and Mandamus = 510
• (e) Habeas Corpus = 513
• 5. Private Law Remedies = 514
• (a) Declaration and Injunction = 514
• (b) The Crown = 518
• (c) Discovery, Damages and Restitution = 519
• (d) Tort and Contract Liability of Public Authorities = 520
• CHAPTER 17 PUBLIC ORDER = 522
• 1. Introduction = 522
• 2. Historical Perspectives = 523
• 3. Police Powers = 525
• (a) Public Meetings and Assemblies = 525
• (b) Breach of the Peace = 533
• (c) Offences Under the Public Order Act 1986 = 536
• (d) Police Organisation and Accountability = 541
• 4. Military Powers and States of Emergency = 545
• CHAPTER 18 SECRECY AND THE STATE = 549
• 1. Introduction = 549
• 2. Open Government and Official Secrets = 549
• (a) Official Secrets Legislation = 557
• (b) The Security Services = 565
• 3. Press and Media = 572
• 4. Freedom of Expression = 578
• (a) Blasphemy and Defamation = 579
• (b) Contempt of Court = 581
• CHAPTER 19 NORTHERN IRELAND = 584
• 1. Introduction = 584
• 2. Political, Economic and Social Background = 586
• (a) Historical Developments in the Formation of Northern Ireland = 586
• (b) The Government of Northern Ireland 1920-72 = 593
• 3. Constitutional Status = 601
• (a) Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 = 601
• (b) The Anglo-Irish Agreement = 604
• (c) Joint Declaration, 1993 = 608
• 4. Emergency Powers and the Protection of Civil Liberties = 615
• (a) Police Powers = 615
• (b) Trial and Evidence = 622
• (c) The Rule of Law = 625
• 5. Future developments = 626
• CHAPTER 20 THE CITIZEN AND CIVIL LIBERTIES = 629
• 1. Introduction = 629
• 2. A Bill of Rights = 631
• (a) European Convention on Human Rights = 636
• (b) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms = 645
• 3. Citizens' Rights and Citizenship = 648
• (a) Religion and Race = 651
• (b) Privacy = 657
• (c) Work = 659
• 4. Immigration, Citizenship and Extradition = 660
• (a) Citizenship = 660
• (b) Deportation = 665
• 5. Personal Freedom = 669
• (a) The Police and Personal Freedom = 670
• (b) Arrest = 674
• (e) Search and Seizure = 677
• (d) Interrogation of Suspects = 678
• (e) Complaints Against the Police = 682
• CHAPTER 21 CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM = 685
• 1. Introduction = 685
• 2. A Written Constitution? = 689
• 3. Local and Central Government = 694
• 4. Administrative Law = 699
• (a) Patterns in the Development of Judicial Review = 699
• (b) Procedural Exclusivity and the Rule in O'Reilly v. Mackman = 703
• (c) Non-Departmental Public Bodies and Regulatory Agencies = 706
• (d) The Citizen's Charter = 708
• (e) Principles of Good Administration = 709
• 5. The European Union = 713
• 6. Public Law Scholarship = 716
• Appendix-Further Reading and Select Bibliography = 721
• Index = 748