Varieties of Politically Moderate Groups in South Korea: Social Identity, Morality, and Political Attitude

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Morality is an appraisal of what is right and what is not. Sociological perspective sees such morality as a product of group identity. In this regard, morality is a useful tool for identifying groups that share different beliefs about right and wrong. Recent studies have found that the root cause of social conflict is based on moral differences related to political attitudes and behaviors. This study focuses on the political moderates that previous studies regarded as lacking ideological or political orientation. However, we found that they are multiple groups composed of groups based on different moral values. We also clarified the differences in political positions according to morality. First, we classified the morality groups in South Korea into five latent groups. In addition to traditional liberals (altruistic individuals) and conservatives (paternalistic), moderates are divided into three moral groups: moral idealists, selfish individuals, and amoral individuals. The moral idealists group emphasizes both moral values that are important to conservatives and liberals. The selfish individuals group is weak in most moral values, and the amoral individuals group does not care about any moral value. In contrast to liberals and conservatives who are consistently aligned left and right in their political positions, the moral qualities of moderates have been found to be complex and dualistic. The fact that moderates are pluralistic in terms of grouping and moral values complicates the conflicts of social and political issues rather than the mere confrontation between conservatism and liberalism.

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