(The)state of working America, 2000-2001 . 2001

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = xi
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY = 1
• INTRODUCTION : The living standards debate = 13
• DOCUMENTATION AND METHODOLOGY = 29
• CHAPTER 1 : FAMILY INCOME : Slower growth, greater inequality, and much more work = 33
• Unexceptional median income growth, but glimpse of change in late 1990s = 35
• An income 'generation gap' = 40
• Among racial／ethnic groups, African Americans make relative gains = 44
• For family types, strong growth in 1990s among dual-earner couples = 46
• Growing inequality of family income = 49
• Counter-arguments to the evidence on income trends = 54
• Are taxes the reason for rising inequality and disappointing growth in family incomes? = 56
• Is the increase in inequality sensitive to income definitions? = 68
• Alternative explanations : mobility and demograhpics = 74
• Growth in inequality narrows pathways to prosperity = 82
• Expanding capital incomes = 84
• The 'time crunch' married-couple families with children working harder than ever = 93
• CHAPTER 2 : WAGES : Turnaround in the late 1990s = 111
• Contrasting hours and hourly wage growth = 114
• Contrasting compensation and wage growth = 117
• Wages by occupation = 120
• Wage trends by wage level = 123
• The male／female wage gap = 127
• Shifts in low-wage jobs = 129
• Trends in benefit growth and inequality = 137
• Explaining wage inequality = 143
• Productivity and the compensation-Productivity gap = 150
• Rising education wage differentials = 152
• Young workers' wages = 157
• The importance of within-group wage inequality = 160
• School quality and tests = 163
• Wage growth by race and ethnicity = 164
• The shift to low-paying industries = 168
• Trade and wages = 172
• The union dimension = 179
• An eroded minimum wage = 186
• Summarizing the role of labor market institutions = 193
• The techonology story of wage inequality = 194
• Information technology workers = 206
• Executive pay soars = 208
• What does the future hold? = 213
• CHAPTER 3 : JOBS : Sustained low unemployment key to recent progress = 219
• Unemployment and underemployment = 220
• Unemployment and the earnings distribution = 222
• Employment = 224
• Job stability and job security = 229
• Declining job stability = 231
• Displacement = 237
• Job security = 241
• The contingent workforce = 244
• Nonstandard work : widespread and often substandard = 245
• Part-time work = 250
• Temping = 251
• Self-employment = 252
• More than one job = 254
• CHAPTER 4 : WEALTH : Deeper in debt = 257
• Wealth and worth = 258
• Net worth = 259
• Racial divide = 262
• Low net worth = 264
• Assets = 264
• Stocks = 265
• Home ownership = 270
• Computers = 271
• Liabilities = 274
• Debt service = 278
• Hardship = 280
• CHAPTER 5 : POVERTY : The roles of measurement, growth, family structure, and work = 285
• Who are the poor? = 287
• Alternative approaches to measuring poverty = 293
• Poverty, overall growth, and inequality = 303
• The role of demographics and inequality = 305
• The changing effects of taxes and transfers = 311
• The increasing prevalence of working poverty = 314
• The low-wage labor market : workers' characteristics and earnings = 322
• CHAPTER 6 : REGIONAL ANALYSIS : Variations across the country = 329
• Median family income grows in Midwest and South = 330
• The growth of income inequality by state = 333
• Trends in employment and unemployment and their impact on wage growth = 338
• Poverty rates vary greatly by region and area = 361
• The regressivity of state tax liabilities = 367
• CHAPTER 7 : INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS : Less-than-model behavior = 371
• Incomes and productivity : United States loses edge = 372
• Workers' wages and compensation : slow, unequal growth = 379
• Household income : slow, unequal growth = 387
• Employment and hours worked : strength of the U.S. model? = 397
• Evaluating the U.S. model = 400
• APPENDIX A : Family income and poverty data = 407
• APPENDIX B : Wage analysis computations = 413
• APPENDIX C : Information technology and productivity = 421
• Table notes = 425
• Figure notes = 443
• Bibliography = 449
• Index = 457
• About EPI = 465
• About the Authors = 466