에디 공분산 플럭스 측정을 이용한 산업단지 내 CO2 배출량 정량화 = Quantifying CO2 emissions from an industrial complex using eddy covariance flux measurements

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Industrial complexes are significant sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, yet global emission inventories often struggle to capture the fine-scale spatiotemporal variability. This study quantifies CO2 fluxes in the Sihwa National Industrial Complex (SIC), a major manufacturing cluster in southwestern Seoul, South Korea, using one year of continuous eddy covariance (EC) observations (Feb 2024 Jan 2025). A fixed EC tower (14 m height) equipped with an open-path CO2/H2O analyzer and a 3D sonic anemometer provided high-frequency flux data, processed using IQR filtering, U* thresholding, and multi-scale gap-filling. Flux footprint modeling (FFP) was used to separate contributions from industrial and green areas. Our results show that industrial zones acted as persistent net CO2 sources (mean: 228.3 tC km-2 month-1; max: 376.8 tC km-2 month-1), exhibiting strong diel and weekly cycles linked to operational and energy-use patterns. In contrast, adjacent green spaces functioned as seasonal CO2 sinks (min: -136.7 tC km-2 month-1), particularly during the growing season. Compared to the ODIAC top-down inventory, EC-based emissions were lower by up to 60% across all months. This discrepancy reveals a fundamental limitation of inventory-based approaches: their reliance on static emission factors, coarse-resolution proxies (e.g., nightlight), and the absence of real-time, local activity data, which often leads to significant overestimation in complex environments like industrial zones. This study underscores the necessity of integrating ground-based flux observations into national and global emission accounting frameworks to improve the accuracy, transparency, and policy relevance of industrial CO2 inventories.