그림교환 의사소통 체계(PECS) 프로그램이 자폐아동의 요구하기, 자발적 발화 및 눈맞춤에 미치는 효과 = The Effectiveness of Picture Exchange Communication System to Enhance Communication Skills and Eye-Contact in Children with Autism

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 그림교환 의사소통 체계(PECS)를 이용한 중재가 자폐아동의 요구하기, 자발적 발화 및 사회적 상호작용의 하나인 눈맞춤 행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 자발적 발화가 없는 두 명의 유치원 남아를 대상으로 중다기초선 설계를 실시하였다. PECS의 여섯 단계 중 4단계까지 훈련하였고, 매 회기 PECS훈련이 끝나면 15분의 자유놀이를 통해 중재효과를 측정하였다. 자료수집 방법으로는 사건기록법과 부분간격시간표집법으로 측정하고 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 두 명의 아동 모두 요구하기 행동은 크게 증가하였고 자발적인 발화도 두 아동의 차이는 있었으나 증가한 것으로 나타났으며 사회적 행동의 하나인 눈맞춤 또한 기초선에 비해 크게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 그림교환 의사소통 체계(PECS) 프로그램은 자발적 발화가 없는 자폐아동에게 효과적인 의사소통 중재 프로그램이라고 할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the effects of Picture Exchange Communication System(PECS) on requesting skills of two preschoolers with autism. In addition, the study examined the effects of PECS training on the emergence of spontaneous speech in play settings. Ancillary measures of social-communicative behavior were recorded. The single-subject multiple baseline across participants design was used for the study. Participants were taught Phases 1-4 of PECS (i.e., picture exchange, increased distance, picture discrimination, and sentence construction). The results indicated that all two participants improved requesting skills through PECS training and generalized the skills across other people and items. Results also showed concomitant increases in verbal speech. Collateral gains were associated with increases in social-interactive behavior. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. This study provides additional empirical data on the effectiveness of PECS to enhance communication skills in children with autism.

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