In the first section of this study, species-specific primer sets targeting 10 species (Gadus macrocephalus, Theragra chalcogramm, Micromesistius poutassou, Macruromus novaezelandiae, Dentex tumifrons, P agrus major, Evynnis japonicus, Codonopsis lance...
In the first section of this study, species-specific primer sets targeting 10 species (Gadus macrocephalus, Theragra chalcogramm, Micromesistius poutassou, Macruromus novaezelandiae, Dentex tumifrons, P agrus major, Evynnis japonicus, Codonopsis lanceolata/Campanumoea japonica, Platycodon grandiflorum, Adenophora triphylla/A. stricta) were designed, and their PCR conditions were optimized using three criteria; (1) annealing temperature (50-64℃), (2) PCR cycles (30, 35, and 40), and (3) limit of detection (LOD; 5-0.00005 ng/ul). Under optimal conditions, species-specific PCR methods produced 137 to 223 bp fragments, and no cross-reaction was observed among morphologically- and/or genetically-related species. In the second section, monitoring of 175 commercial products manufactured with six species (Octopus vulgaris/O. bimaculatus/Enteroctopus dofleini, Miichthys miiuy, Gadus macrocephalus, Dissotichus eloginoides/D. mawsoni, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Seriola quinqueradiata) was conducted using DNA barcoding method. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and 16S rRNA ribosomal RNA were amplified by four universal primer sets. The PCR products were purified and then sequenced. For species identification, NCBI BLAST database was screened with the sequences obtained as query. The identification results were compared with labeling information of the commercial products, showing labeling compliance in 151 products. These results were further verified by species-specific PCR methods. In the third section, ultra-fast real-time methods were developed for authentication of nine species (Miichthys miiuy, Sciaenops ocellatus, Dissotichus eloginoides/ D. mawsoni, Ruvettus pretiosus, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, Seriola quinqueradiata, Seriola lalandi, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Litopenaeus vannamei) within 30 min on the spot. As a result, our PCR-based methods developed in this study can be efficiently utilized for the authenticity of food ingredients and the detection of food fraud, and therefore contribute to the improvement of consumer's right.